OAK  ST.  HDSF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 

From  the  collection  of 
Julius  Doerner,  Chicago 
Purchased,  1918. 

This  Boo/lhas  Seen  treated  for  moCd  on: 

It  is  now  safe  to  handSe 


THE 


0 

OOMPAI^Y  DEILL 

OF  THE  ^ 

INFANTRY  OF  THE  LINE, 

TOOETHEB  WITH  THE 

SKIRMISHING  DRILL 

OP  THE 

coSpany  and  battalion, 

AFTER  THE  METHOD  OF  GEN.  LE  LOFTEBEL. 

/ BAYONET  FENCING. 

With  a Supplement  on  the  Handling  and  Service  of  Light  Infantry.  » 
BY 

J.  MONROE, 

OOL.  22d  regiment,  N.Y.  8.  militia;  formerly  CAPTAIN 
UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


NEW  YORK: 

D.  VAN  NOSTRAND,  102  BROADWAY. 

1863. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1862,  by 
D.  VAN  NOSTRAND, 

In  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United 
States  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York, 


0.  A.  ALVOED,  STEREOTYPEE  AND  PRINTER. 


PREFACE. 


More  than  a year  ago  the  author  of  this  small 
volume,  executed  the  translation  of  about  one- 
fourth  of  the  Battalion  Exercise  of  General  lie 
Louterel,  but  avocations  both  civil  and  military 
interrupted  the  work,  and  in  the  mean  time  Lip- 
pincott,  of  Philadelphia,  brought  out  the  translation 
of  the  drill  of  the  Battalion  and  the  Evolutions  of 
the  Line,  by  Captain  Ooppee.  But  the  Company 
Drill  has  not  till  now  been  offered  to  the  public. 
I have  modified  the  original  so  far  as  to  conform 
to  the  existing  system.  The  method  of  Le  Louterel 
must  have  been  well  received  in  France.  I have 
seen  the  seventh  edition  of  his  work. 

An  examination  of  the  volume  will  best  explain 
the  peculiarities  that  distinguish  it.  Le  Louterel 
did  not  apply  his  system  to  the  skirmishing  drill, 
further  than  the  deployment  and  rally  of  the  hat- 
talion.  It  will  be  found  applied  in  this  volume  to 
the  whole  of  the  skirmishing  drill.  In  addition  to 
tlie  introduction  of  the  doubling  and  undoubling 
of  filos  (not  found  in  the  original),  I have  system- 


6 


PEEPACE. 


atically  compared  the  movements  with  the  French 
Ordonnance  of  1861. 

The  Bayonet  Fencing  is  taken  from  the  same 
Ordonnance.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  and 
the  great  facility  of  its  acquisition,  and  it  carries 
the  approval  of  the  highest  authority  of  France. 

In  the  supplement  will  be  found  some  sugges- 
tions that  will  perhaps  be  acceptable  to  the  intelli- 
gent classes  who  now  fill  the  army,  and  who,  how- 
ever unused  formerly  to  military  ideas,  adopt  the 
leading  principle  of  aiming  to  improve  whatever 
they  engage  in. 

Some  allowance  for  trifling  errors  may  be  need- 
ed, in  consequence  of  the  fact  that  the  volume 
comes  out  during  the  absence  of  the  author  in  the 
field. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE. 

General  principles  of  fencing 11 

Fencing  with  the  bayonet 14 

Shortenings 26 

Lessons  for  practice 29 

School  of  the  company 31 

To  open  ranks 32 

Alignments  in  open  ranks 33 

Manual  of  arms  (in  open  ranks). 34 

To  close  ranks 35 

Alignments  and  manual  in  closed  ranks 85 

Loading  in  four  times  and  at  will 36 

The  fire  by  company 37 

The  fire  by  file 38 

The  fire  by  rank 39 

The  fire  by  the  rear  rank 39 

To  advance  in  line  of  battle 42 

To  halt  and  align  the  company 43 

Oblique  march  in  line  of  battle 44 

The  march  in  retreat 45 

The  march  by  the  fiank 48 

To  change  direction  by  file 50 

To  halt  the  company  and  face  it  to  the  front 50 

Doubling  and  undoubling  files 51 


8 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

To  form  the  company  on  the  right  or  left  by  file  into 

Irae '. 53 

The  company  marching  by  the  flank  to  form  company 

or  platoon,  and  to  face  them  in  marching 57 

To  break  into  Column  by  platoon 61 

To  march  into  column 65 

To  change  direction. 66 

To  halt  the  column 69 

Being  in  column,  to  form  to  the  right  or  left  into  line  70 
To  break  into  platoons  and  to  re-form  the  company.  73 
To  break  files  to  the  rear,  and  to  bring  them  again 

into  line 77 

The  march  in  column  of  route 80 

Countermarch 86 

To  form  column  by  platoon  on  the  right  or  left  into 

line — 88 

Formation  of  the  company  from  one  rank  into  two 
ranks,  and  reciprocally,  and  from  two  ranks  into 

four,  and  reciprocally 92 

The  company  in  two  ranks  being  in  march  by  the 

front,  and  right  in  front 96 

Deployments 99 

To  deploy  forward  99 

To  deploy  by  the  flank 105 

To  extend  and  to  close  intervals 109 

To  close  intervals 112 

To  support  and  to  relieve  skirmishers 114 

The  movement  of  deployed  lines 116 

To  advance  the  line 116 


CONTENTS. 


9 

PAGE. 

The  firings 120 

To  fire  marching  to  the  front 120 

To  fire  marching  in  retreat 121 

To  fire  marching  by  the  flank 121 

The  rallies 123 

To  rally  by  sections 125 

Eally  by  platoons 127 

Rally  on  the  reserve 128 

Skirmishers  in  square  and  column 130 

The  assembly 133 

Assemble  on  the  reserve 134 

Manoeuvres  of  skirmishers 135 

Deployment  of  skirmishers  from  column 140 

Rallies 142 

Smpplement 143 

Rallies 148 

Flank  deployments,  &c 151 

Changes  of  front 152 

Flankers 154 

Advanced  guard 155 

Rearguard..., 157 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


GENEKAL  PBINCIPIES  OF  FENCING. 

Fencino  is  the  opposition  of  force  with  the  edge 
or  point  of  weapons  held  in  the  hand,  and  resem- 
bles both^xing  with  the  closed  hand  and  hurling  a 
missile.  It  depends  upon  the  correct  attitude  and 
movements  of  the  body,  and  the  lines  of  direction 
of  the  instrument,  or  weapon,  employed. 

The  body  resting  erect  upon  the  feet  brought  to- 
gether, is  supported  upon  a base  that  is  narrow 
and  consequently  weak— a slight  pressure,  in  that 
case,  will  overset  it,  and  the  higher  the  point  of 
such  pressure,  the  less  the  overturning  force  re- 
quired ; but  when  one  foot  is  advanced,  the  side 
turned,  and  the  rearward  line  of  the  body  slanted, 
as  nature  herself  instructs,  when  a weight  is  to  be 
heaved,  or  an  obstacle  pushed,  or  resisted,  the  po- 
sition is  many  times  stronger.  The  base  of  sup- 
port has  been  broadened,  the  height  of  the  figure 
lessened,  and  the  relations  of  mutual  support  so 
established  as , to  apply  the  true  leverage  of  the 
whole  framework. 

The  body  so  propped  and  poised,  the  weapon 
(say,  a sword)  is  to  be  advanced  in  such  a manner 
that  it  may,  at  one  and  the  same  time,  protect  the 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


i.2 

fencer  and  menace  his  adversary.  This,  referring 
to  both  the  man  and  sword,  constitutes  the  posi- 
tion of  gua/rd. 

Guards  then,  is  a position  in  which  to  defend  or 
attack. 

Parry  is  a movement  made  from  gua.rd,  with  the 
weapon,  to  meet  and  ward  off  an  adversary’s  at- 
tack. 

Thrust  (lunge)  or  cut  is  a directing  of  the  point, 
or  edge,  against  the  adversary. 

From  every  parry  a thrust  may  be  delivered — 
this  is  called  counter-thrusting. 

From  every  thrust  or  parry,  you  maj^  return  di- 
rectly to  the  position  of  guard. 

There  are  two  general  relations  of  the  weapon 
from  which  all  the  rest  are  derived.  These  are 
carte  and  tierce.  Carte  guard  and  carte  parries  are 
inside ; and  tierce  are  outside.  That  is,  carte  is 
on  the  side  of  the  breast,  and  tierce  on  the  side  of 
the  back.  For  example,  with  the  sword,  where  it 
is  the  right  foot  and  side  that  are  advanced,  carte 
is  the  guard,  or  the  parades,  made  toward  the  fen- 
cer’s left,  meant  to  cover  attacks  on  that  side. 
Tierce,  in  all  respects,  the  opposite.  But  with  the 
bayonet,  the  case  is  reversed,  because  then  it  is 
the  left  side  and  foot  that  are  in  advance.  Here, 
therefore,  the  carte  side  of  the  weapon  is  that  to 
its  right,  and  tierce  is  outward  or  left. 

Feint. — To  menace  an  attack  in  one  direction, 
and  deliver  it  in  another.  It  is,  as  the  word  im- 
ports, a movement  intended  to  deceive  the  adver- 
sary, or  to  throw  him  off  his  guard. 

Timing  is  anticipating  an  adversary  by  project- 
ing a thrust  at  him  in  the  very  moment  that  he  is 


GENERAL  PRINCIPLES. 


]3 


preparing  himself  to  thrust.  None  but  an  expert 
fencer  can  execute  effectively  the  time  thrust. 

The  simple  and  direct  thrusts  are  the  best. 
Complex  combinations  are  good  for  exercise  and 
practice,  as  they  confer  facility  of  action. 

Opposition^  is  the  outward  bearing  of  the  weap- 
on when  a thrust  is  delivered,  intended  to  bear  the 
adverse  point  out  of  line.  It  must  always  be  pre- 
served, otherwise  there  is  danger  of  an  interchanged 
thrust. 

In  thrusting,  let  the  point  reach  its  limit  at  the 
moment  the  hody  is  thrown  forward  to  its  extent. 
Let  the  viUe  act  be  simultaneous. 

It  is  nCTR*  safe  to  take  the  point  off  the  body  of 
a skilful  antagonist.  It  should  be  constantly  kept 
interposed,  even  in  the  parries.  (In  the  instances 
of  using  the  butt  of  the  piece,  the  guardls  supposed 
to  be  broken  up,  and  then  the  butt  itself  stands 
in  lieu  of  point.) 

The  point,  in  guards  should  be  so  far  raised  as 
that  the  upper  parries,  inside  and  out,  may  cover 
the  hody^  from  the  head  to  the  legs.  A thrust 
cannot  be  made,  with  the  bayonet,  at  the  lower 
limbs,  without  fatally  exposing  the  thruster. 
Hence  parries  below  are  unnecessary  and  inartful, 
because  in  making  such  parries,  the  return  thrusts 
from  them  would  be  the  adoption  and  imitation  of 
that  which  is  itself  a fault.  The  French  system 
has  wisely  discarded  all  the  low  parries  and 
thrusts. 

AU  hanging  guards,  wherein  tue  position  of  the 
' piece  when  on  guard  {point  higher  than  hilt)  is  re- 
versed, that  is,  positions  that  throw  up  the  butt 
and  drop  the  point,  are  weak  and  unreliable. 

2 


14 


BAYONET  FENCINa. 


The  weapon  may,  in  its  length,  be  divided  into 
three  equal  parts.  The  first  third  is  that  nearest 
to  the  holder ; this  is  the  forte,  or  strong  part  of  the 
weapon ; the  second  part  is  the  medium  or  middle, 
and  the  last  is  the  faiUe  or  weak  part.  The  lever- 
age or  universal  principle  of  all  fencing  is,  by  move- 
ments  and  fiexures  of  the  body  and  limbs,  and  by 
collisions  of  the  pieces  to  bring  one’s  forte  into  con- 
test with,  the  faille  of  the  adversary.  When  art 
does  this,  mere  strength  cannot  reply  to  it. 

The  short  treatise  which  follows  is  taken  entire 
from  the  French  system  of  1 8 6 1 . It  is  much  simpli- 
fied, and  having  been  revised  by  their  Jjftrd  of  offi- 
cers, as  stated  in  the  Emperor’s  decrepit  may  be 
regarded  as  the  result  and  selection  out  of  the  nu- 
merous methods  proposed  of  late  years,  in  France. 
Its  distinguishing  features  are:  1st.  Natural  and 
simple  methods  of  movement.  • 2d.  The  employ- 
ment of  upward  guards  and  parries  only.  3d.  The 
discarding  of  the  development,  as  unsuited  to  a two- 
handed  and  weighty  weapon — such  as  the  mus- 
ket and  bayonet — ^which  is  a true  pike. 


FENCING  WITH  THE  BAYONET. 

The  men  are  formed  in  one  rank  with  intervals 
of  four  paces  between  them,  in  order  that  they 
may  not  interfere  with  one  another  when  they  are 
executing  the  volts. 

The  pieces  are  carried  at  the  right  shoulder,  that 


BAYONET  FENCING-. 


15 


is,  in  the  “Light  Infantry,”  or  sergeant’s  manner 
of  carrying  the  small  arm.* 

The  soldier,  or  the  squad,  being  at  shouldered 
arms,  the  instructor  commands : 

1.  Guard  against  infantry.  2.  Guard. 


* Piece  in  right  hand — barrel  nearly  vertical,  and  resting 
in  hollow  of  shoulder — guard  to  the  front,  right  arm  ex- 
tended nearly  to  its  full  length,  thumb  and  fore-finger  em- 
bracing the  guard — the  other  fingers  closed  on  the  handle 
of  the  piece — little-finger  supporting  the  dog  (the  plate 
along  the  right  thigh)— the  left  hand  by  the  left  side. 


16 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


• One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion. — Make  a half-face  to  the  right  in 
turning  on  the  heels,  bringing  the  left  toe  to  the 
front  and  the  right  toe  to  the  right,  the  feet  square 
to  each  other ; raise  at.the  same  time,  the  piece 
slightly,  and  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above  and 
near  the  lower  band. 

Second  motion.— Carry  the  right  foot  twenty 
inches  to  the  rear,  its  heel  on  a perpendicular  line 
with  the  left  heel,  the  feet  at  right  angles,  the 
knees  slightly  bent,  the  weight  of  the  body  borne 
equally  by  the  two  legs ; bring  do’V^fc  the  piece 
with  both  hands,  the  barrel  upward,  tiBleft  elbow 
against  the ^ body;  seize  the  piece  at  the  same 
time  below  the  guard  {i.  e.  at  the' handle),  with  the 
right  hand,  the  arms  falling  naturally,  the  bayonet 
slightly  elevated.  (The  left  arm  is  consequently  a 
little  bent.) 

Shoulder  Arms. 

Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  place  it  against 
the  right  shoulder,  and  at  the  same  time,  bring  up 
the  right  heel  on  the  alignment  of  the  left,  in 
facing  to  the  front. 

1.  Guard  against  cavalry.  2.  Guard. 

The  same  as  “guard  against  infantry,”  except 
that  the  right  hand  rests  at  the  hip,  and  the  bayo- 
net is  at  the  height  of  the  eye,  as  in  the  movement 
of  “ charge  bayonet.” 

The  men  placed  in  either  of  the  foregoing  posi- 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


17 


tions  of  “ guard,”  will  execute  the  following  move- 
ments : 


1.  Right  {or  left),  2.  Face. 

Turn  on  the  left  heel,  raising  the  toe,  and  face  to 
the  right  (or  left),  at  the  same  time  carry  around 
the  right  foot  one  quarter  of  the  circle,  and  twenty 
inches  in  rear  of  the  left. 

1.  Right  about  2.  Face. 

Turn  about  to  the  rear,  by  the  right  on  the  left 
2*  , 


18 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


heel,  raising  the  left  toe,  without  altering  the  posi- 
tion of  the  piece,  and  carry  the  right  foot  around 
to  the  rear,  twenty  inches  from  the  left. 

1.  Left  about.  2.  I’ ace. 

Turn  on  the  left  heel,  to  the  left,  the  reverse  of 
the  last  movement  above. 

1.  Step  to  the  front  2.  March. 

Bring  up  the  right  foot  behind  the  left,  and 
carry  the  left  twenty  inches  in  adva^Re  of  the 
right  (keeping  the  knee  bent  during  the  move- 
ment). 

1.  Step  to  the  rear.  2.  March.. 

Draw  back  the  left  foot  against  the  right,  and 
plant  the  right  to  the  rear  twenty  inches. 

1.  Step  to  the  right  2.  March. 

Throw  the  right  foot  twenty  inches  to  the  right, 
and  in  the  same  direction,  immediately  carry  the 
left  foot  in  front  of  it,  at  its  proper  distance  and 
position. 

1.  Step  to  the  left.  2.  March. 

Throw  the  left  foot  twenty  inches  to  the  left, 
and  promptly  place  the  right  foot  at  its  proper 
distance  in  rear. 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


19 


1.  Double  step  to  the  front  2.  March. 

Throw  the  right  foot  twenty  inch-es  in  front  of 
the  left,  and  briskly  plant  the  left,  twenty  inches 
in  advance  of  the  right,  preserving  the  position  of 
“ guard.” 

1.  Double  step  to  the  rear.  2.  March. 

Throw  the  left  foot  fourteen  inches  to  the  rear 
of  the  right  (passing  it  on  its  left),  and  carry  the 
right  twenty  inches  in  rear  of  the  left,  preserving 
the  position  of  “ guard.” 

1.  Volt  to  the  right,  2.  March. 

Bring  up  the  left  arm  and  hand,  the  barrel  op- 
posite the  left  shoulder,  without  moving  the  right 
hand.  Turn  to  the  right  on  the  right  toe,  throw 
the  left  foot  perpendicularly  to  the  rear  twenty 
inches,  finishing  the  volt  on  the  left  toe,  and  bring- 
ing the  right  foot  to  its  position  in  rear,  at  the 
same  time  bring  the  piece  to  the  position  of 
“ guard.” 

1.  Volt  to  the  left.  2.  March. 

Turn  to  the  left  on  the  right  toe,  carry  the  left 
foot  perpendicularly  to  the  rear  twenty  inches,  and 
finish  the  volt  in  a way  the  reverse,  of  the  above. 

When  the  men  are  well  established  in  these 
various  positions,  and  can  execute  the  sevei^l 
steps  and  volts  with  ease  and  precision,  they  will 
be  taught  the  attack  and  defence  with  the  bayonet. 


20 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


1.  In  carte.  2.  Parry, 

At  the  second  command,  lift  the  muzzle  a full 
foot  (thirteen  inches)  with  the  left  hand,  without 
moving  the  right,  at  the  same  time  make  a parry 
to  the  right  of  about  six  inches,  and  remain  in  that 
position. 

GrUARD. 

Lower  promptly  the  left  hand  without  moving 
the  right,  and  bring  back  the  piece  to  the  position 
of  “ guard.” 

Whenever  the  instructor  causes  the  parries  and 
thrusts  to  be  executed,  he  will  at  the  end  of  each 
movement  command  “ guard,”  at  which  the  men 
will  resume  that  position. 


1.  In  tierce.  2.  Parry. 

Raise  promptly  the  piece  one  foot  with  the  left 
hand,  without  moving  the  right,  at  the  same  time 
making  a parry  with  the  piece  to  the  left,  about 
six  inches. 

1.  In 'prime.  2.  Parry. 

Spring  up  the  piece  to  cover  the  head,  holding 
it  with  both  hands  and  the  arms  fully  extended,' 
the  lockplate  turned  toward  the  body,  the  bayo- 
net slightly  inclined  to  the  left,  the  lower  band 
at  the  height  of  the  top  of  the  cap  (the  piece  is 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


21 


nearly  horizontal,  butt  to  the  rear,  point  to  the 
front,  hands  held  vertical). 


1.  In  prime  to  the  right  2.  Parry. 

Advance  the  left  shoulder  .and  parry  prime  to- 
ward the  right. 

1.  In  prime  to  the  left.  2.  Parry. 

Advance  the  right  shoulder,  and  parry  in  prime 
to  the  left. 


22 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


The  last  two  parries  are  to  oppose  attacks  from 
above — as  from  cavalry  or  a breast- work. 

The  prime  parry  is  intended  as  a general  pro- 
tection for  the  head ; the  piece  is  moved  around  in 
the  two  hands  as  if  on  a pivot. — Translator. 

1.  In  carte.  2.  Thrust. 

i 

From  the  position  of  “guard,”  throw  forward 
the  weight  of  the  body,  bend  the  left  knee  and 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


23 


straighten  the  right,  project  the  left  arm  to  its  full 
extent,  the  fingers  of  the  left  hand  opened  and  sus- 
taining the  piece,  the  butt  in  front  of  the  nipple  of 
the  right  breast,  and  the  lockplate  underneath. 

Remain  in  this  position  until  the  command 
“ guard.” 

Turning  the  lockplate  underneath,  gives  the 
piece  in  the  thrust  a rotatory  action. — Translator, 

1.  In  tierce.  2.  Thrust. 


24 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


Throw  forward  the  upper  part  of  the  body, 
straighten  the  right  leg,  and  bend  the  left  knee, 
extend  the  left  arm  to  its  full  length,  the  fingers 
opened,  and  sustaining  the  piece,  turn  the  guard, 
lockplate  upward,  guard  to  the  right,  the  butt  in 
front  of  the  right  breast  (its  nipple). 

1.  In  prime.  2.  Thrust, 


Raise  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  arms  ex- 


N 


BAYONET  FENCING.  25 

the  left  knee,  and  straighten  the  right,  at  the  same 
time  direct  the  point  in  thrusting  the  height  of 
an  adversary  on  horseback. 


1.  In;grime  to  the  right  {or  left).  2.  Thrust. 

Advance  the  left  shoulder,  and  thrust  to  the 
right  (or  the  right  shoulder,  and  thrust  to  the  left). 


3 


26 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


The  thrust  of  prime  has  three  general  directions 
— direct  to  the  front,  to  the  right,  and  to  the  left — 
answering  to  the  prime  parried. — Translator. 

Longe. 

Throw  forward  the  upper  part  of  the  Body, 
bending  the  left  leg,  and  straightening  the  right, 
push  rapidly  the  point  toward  the  adversary  the 
whole  length  of  the  right  arm,  abandoning  it  for 
the  moment  with  the  left,  and  come  back  to  guard 
(without  any  command). 

When  on  guard,  as  “against  infantry,”  the  blow 
(in  thrusting)  will  be  directed  at  the  height  of 
the  breast. 

In  the  guard  against  cavalry,  the  point  will  be 
directed  at  the  height  of  a horse’s  head,  or  a horse- 
man’s side. 

Shortenings. 

The  shortenings  of  the  guard  are  necessary  in  a 
melee,  or  in  foiling  an  attempt  to  break  within  the 
guard.  They  should  be  as  simple,  natural,  and 
rapidly  formed  as  possible,  and  permit  an  instant 
return  to  the  guard. 

1.  In  carte.  2.  Shorten. 

From  either  guard  (against  infantry  or  cavalry), 
throw  back  the  piece  to  the  full  extension  of  the 
right  arm,  slipping  the  left  hand  up  at  the  same 
time,  to  the  baypnet  clasp,  left  hand  at  the  centre 
of  the  breast. 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


27 


Guard. 

Throw  forward  the  piece,  to  the  position  of 
guard,  bringing  back  the  left  hand. 

1.  In  tierce.  2.  Shorten. 

Throw  the  piece  upward,  and  backward  to  the 
extend  of  the  right  arm,  turning  the  barrel  under- 
neath, slipping  the  left  hand  to  the  bayonet  clasp, 
the  hand  at  the  centre  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
breast,  the  piece  nearly  horizontal. 


28 


BAYONET  FENCINO. 


Lower  rapidly  the  piece  to  guard,  turning  tlio 
barrel  upward,  and  replacing  the  left  hand. 

After  the  men  have  perfectly  learned  the  vari- 
ous steps,  parries,  and  thrusts,  they  will  be  taught 
to  combine  them,  as  follows : 

1.  Double  step  to  the  front,  in  prime  parry,  and 
thrust.  2.  Makch. 

At  the  word  of  execution — March — the  soldier 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


29 


will  execute  the  douUe  step,  will  parry^  and  will 
thrust  in  prime. 

As  a soldier  may  be  compelled  to  defend  himself 
against  two  or  three  men  at  once,  he  will  be  made 
to  execute  double  movements,  and  double  thrusts, 
which  will  considerably  increase  his  skill  and  ac- 
tivity, for  example : 

1.  One  pace  to  the  front — Loaige — Yoli  to  the  left — In 
carte  parry  and  thrust  2.  March. 

At  the  command  March,  step  to  the  fronts  hnge 
(take  the  position  of  guard),  execute  the  volt  to  the  left^ 
parry  in  carte  and  thrust  carte. 

Lessons  for  Practice. 

I. 

1.  In  carte  parry — In  carte  thrust. 

2.  In  foerce.PARRY — In  tierce  thrust. 

3.  In  carte  thrust — In  carte  parry. 

4.  In  tierce  thrust — In  tierce  parry. 

5.  In  prime  parry — In  prime  thrust. 

6.  In  prime  thrust — In  prime  parry. 

*7.  Guard  against  infantry — Guard  against 

CAVALRY. 

8.  Guard  against  cavalry — Guard  against  in- 
fantry. 

. II. 

1.  In  carte  parry — In  tierce  parry. 

2.  In  tierce  parry — In  carte  parry. 

3.  In  carte  parry — In  prime  parry. 

4.  In  tierce  parry — In  prime  parry: 

5.  In  prime  parry — In^  carte  parry. 

6.  In  prime  parry — In  tierce  parry.  ^ 

3* 


30 


BAYONET  FENCING. 


7.  In  carte^  in  tierce^  in  prime  parry. 

8.  In  tierce^  in  carte^  in  prime  parry. 

9.  Inprime^  in  carte^  in  tierce  parry. 

10.  Inprime^  in  tierce^  in  carte  parry. 

m. 

1.  In  carte  thrust,  in  prime  parry,  in  prime 

THRUST. 

2.  In  prime  parry,  in  prime  to  the  left  thrust,  in 

carte  parry,  in  carte  thrust. 

3.  In  tierce  thrust,  in  prime  parry,  in  prime  to 

the  left  THRUST,  in  tierce  parry. 

4.  In  carte — tierce — prime^  parry,  in  prime  thrust. 

5.  In  tierce — carte — prime  parry,  in  prime  thrust. 

6.  In  prime — carte^  and  tierce  parry,  in  tierce 

thrust. 

*7.  In  prime — tierce — carte  parry,  in  carte  thrust. 

The  foregoing  movements  originate  from  the  position  of 
guards  and  when  finished,  the  soldier  at  once  returns  to 
guards  without  any  order. 

The  movements  may  be  combined  with  the  steps,  the 
volts  and  the  facings. 

The  chief  point  required  is  facility  in  handling  the  piece 
correctly  in  the  various  oppositions  and  attacks.  The  at- 
tainment of  this  divides  itself  into  two  parts:  1st,  the 
readiness  to  throw  the  piece  and  person  into  the  several 
individual  positions,  and  2d,  the  rapid  transition  from  one 
position  to  another.  * 

The  nicety  of  the  sword  exercise  is  inapplicable  to  the 
bayonet — the  principles  that  govern  the  two  are  the  same 
— but  the  applications  vary  widely.  The  dispute  with 
the  bayonet  is  necessarily  brief,  and  its  whole  handling 
ought  to  be  simple  and  direct. 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  COMPANY. 


The  first  sergeant  commands,  Fall  in^  repeated 
by  the  other  sergeants.  The  corporals  and  privates 
form  in  two  ranks  in  the  order  of  height  from 
right  to  left — the  tallest  corporal  on  the  right  and 
the  shortest  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank — distance 
between  the  ranks  thirteen  inches — the  pieces  at 
order  arms. 

The  first  sergeant  then  places  himself  four  paces 
in  front  of  the  centre,  facing  to  the  company,  and 
calls  the  roll.  This  finished,  he  faces  about,  and 
reports  the  result  to  the  officer  commanding  the 
company,  who  at  a position  four  paces  in  rear  of 
the  sergeant,  has  superintended  the  roU-call.  The 
sergeant  next  takes  post  on  the  right  of  the  front 
rank,  when  the  captain  marks  off  the  platoons  and 
sections,  and  places  the  taller  of  the  remaining 
two  corporals  on  the  left  of  the  first  platoon,  and 
the  other  corporal  on  the  right  of  the  second,  both 
in  the  front  rank.  The  first  platoon  must  have  an 
even  number  of  files.  The  captain  then  commands. 
In  each  rank — count  twos — when  the  two  men  of 
the  first  file  caH  out  one^  those  of  the  next  file  two^ 
the  third  file  .owe,  the  fourth  file  two,  and  so  on  to 
the  left.  The  files  thus  numbered,  the  file-closers 
take  their  posts,  two  paces  in  rear  of  the  rear 
rank. 


32 


TO  OPEN  RANKS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Instructor, 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

FIRST  LESSON. 


To  open  ranks. 


The  company  being 
at  ordered  arms,  the 
instructor  directs  the 
left  guide  to  place  him- 
self on  the  left  of  the 
front  rank,  and  then 
commands 


The  right  and  left 
guides  step  to  rear  the 
distance  of  four  paces 
(of  28  inches).  The  in- 
structor, at  the  right 
flank,  sees  that  they 
mark  correctly  the 
alignment  for  th.e  rear 

rank 

The  rear  rank  steps 
to  the  rear,  and  is  ahgn- 
ed  between  the  two 
guides  by  the  first  ser- 
geant  

The  left  guide  takes 


1.  Attention. 

2.  Company. 

3.  Shoulder 
arms. 

4.  To  the  rear 
open  order. 


5.  March. 


6.  Front. 


ALIGNMENTS  IN  OPEN  BANKS. 


33 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

hi.«i  post  as  a file-closer, 
and  the  rank  of’  file- 
closers  place  themselves 
two  paces  from  the 
rear  rank. 

« 

Alignments  in  open  ranks. 

Having  marched  two,  or  four,  men  on  the  right 
or  the  left  of  each  rank 
two  or  three  paces  for- 
ward, the  instructor 
commands 

The  men  of  each  rank 
move  upon  the  line  suc- 
cessively, preceded  by 
their  neighbor  on  the 
side  of  the  alignment 
two  paces,  align  them- 
selves on  the  basis,  and 
cast  eyes  to  the  front 
without  a command. 

After  the  successive 
alignments,  the  ranks 
are  aligned  entire  (on  a 
basis  as  above)  forward, 
backward,  and  on  a line 
parallel  or  oblique  to  the 
original  one.  The  in- 


Byjile  (right  or 
left) — Dress. 


34  MANUAL  OF  ARMS  (iN  OPEN  RANKS). 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Insteu-ctor. 

of 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

structor  commands .... 

1.  Right  (or 

I^kess. 

2.  Front. 

OR 

1.  Right  (or 
Uft)  back- 
ward., Dress. 

2.  Front. 

TVTieii  the  alignment  is  oblique,  in  opened  ranks, 
the  rear  rank  men  need  not  cover  their  file  leaders. 

lu.  all  the  ahgnments,  the  captain  and  covering 
sergeant  are  on  the  flank  of  the  side  of  alignment 
— each  superintends  his  rank,  and  when  these  are 
open,  passes,  after  each  aligning,  along  its  front, 
to  make  corrections. 


Manual  of  arms  (in  open  ranks). 


The  instructor,  placed  on 
both  ranks,  commands  the 
ing  order : 

Present  arms. 

Order  arms. 

Ground  arms. 

Raise  arms. 

Support  arms. 

Fix  bayonet 
Charge  bayonet 
Trail  arms. 

Unfia^  bayonet 
Secure  arms. 

Load  in  nine  times. 


the  flank  so  as  to  see 
manual  in  the  foUow- 

Shoulder  arms. 


Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms. 
Shoulder  arms 


ALIGNMENTS  AND  MANUAL  IN  CLOSED  RANKS.  35 


Commands 

Explanations.  ' 

OF  1 OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

To  close  ranks. 

1.  Close  order. 

2.  Maech. 

The  rear  rank  closes 
on  the  front,  each  man 
directing  himself  on 
his  file  leader. 

Banks  are  always 
opened  and  closed  in 
quick  time. 


Alignments  and  manual  in  closed  ranks. 


Every  thing  is  exe- 
cuted as  in  opened 
ranks,  except  that  the 
captain,  not  the  in- 
structor, commands . . . 
and  except  that,  in  the 
manual.  Ground  arms, 
Raise  arms,  and  Secure 
arms,  are  omitted. 

If  the  instructor 
wishes  to  rest  the  men, 
still  preserving  the  al- 
ignment, at  an  order,  or 
support,  he  commands 

The  men  will  keep 
one  or  other  heel  on 
the  alignment. 


2.  Fronx, 


In  place.  Rest. 


36  LOADING  IN  \ FOUR  TIMES  AND  AT  WILL. 

t 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Instructo  I. 

OP 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

But  if  he  wish  to  rest 
without  keeping  the 
dress 

Rest. 

And  the  men  merely 
do  not  quit  their  ranks. 
After  the  latter  rest 
(but  not  after  the  for- 
mer), the  ranks  are  to 
be  dressed  anew,  when-} 
ever  the  command  is 
given 

1.  AMe/nMon, 

2.  Company, 

3.  Shoulder — 
'Arms. 

As  a more  complete  rest,  the  instructor  may, 
at  ordered  arms,  command  Stack  arms,  and,  1. 
Break  ranks.  2.  March,  afterward  re-forming 
the  company  by  the  commands.  Fall  in,  and  Take 
arms. 


SECOND  LESSON. 

Loading  in  four  times  and  at  will. 

These  two  loadings  are  executed  as  in  the 
School  of  the  Soldier.  In  both  of  them  the  cap- 
tain and  covering  sergeant  half  face  to  the  right 
with  the  men  at  prime,  and  face  to  the  front  when 
the  company  (or  the  man  on  their  left)  shoulders. 


THE  FIRE  BY  COMPANY. 


37 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Instructor. 

1 OF 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  fire  by  company. 

The  instructor 

The  covering  ser- 
geant falls  back  into 
the  line  of  file-closers,, 
and  the  captain  places 
himself  four  paces  in 
rear  of  that  line  oppo- 
site the  centre  of  the 

1.  Fire  hy  com- 
pany. 

company 

The  captain  adds. . . 

The  pieces  being  re- 
loaded and  at  a ready, 
the  captain  repeats  the 

2.  Commence 
firing. 

1.  Company., 

2.  Ready. 

3.  Aim. 

4.  Fire. 

5.  Load. 

last  three  commands 
till  the  roll. 

* 

To  stop  the  firing. . . 
To  recall  the  captain 

Cease  firing. 

Ceobse  firing. 

and  sergeant  into  line..  Posts. 

The  captain  and  covering  sergeant  take  the 
same  positions,  and  are  recalled  into  line  in  the 
same  way,  in  all  the  firings.  A roll  of  the  drum 
and  a tap  are  substituted,  when  cartridges  are  em- 
ployed, for  the  last  two  commands,  and,  in  that 
4 


38 


TUE  FIRE  BY  FILE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

case,  the  file-closers  repeat  the  command,  Cease 
firing. 

The  captains  wifi 
sometimes  . command, 
before  Aim 

And  sometimes  after 
Aim  

The  fire  by  file. 


Bight  (or  left) 
ohUque, 

Recofjer  Arms. 


The  instructor 

The  captain  and  cov- 
ering sergeant  take  post 
as  in  the  fire  by  com- 
pany  

The  fire  begins  on 
the  right. 

The  first  file  fires, 
and  the  second  aims  as 
the  pieces  of  the  first 
are  brought  down  to 
reload.  This  progres- 
sion applies  only  to  the 
first  discharge. 

To  stop  the  firing. . . 


1.  Fire  hy  file. 


2.  Company. 

3.  Eeady. 

4.  Gomme/nce 
firing. 


Cease  firing  (or 
Boll.) 


Cease  firing.. 


To  recall  captain  and 
sergeant 


Posts  (or  Tap.) 


THE  FIRE  BY  THE  REAR  .RANK. 


39 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instkuctoe. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  fire  by  rank. 

The  instructor  com- 

mands 

l.Fire  by  rank. 

Captain  and  covering 
sergeant  take  posts . . . 

2.  Compa/ny. 

After  one  or  two 
pieces  in  the  rear  rank 
are  at  a ready 

3.  Ready. 

4.  Rear  rank. 
Aim. 

5.  Fike. 

6.  Load. 

1.  Front  rank. 

The  fire  alternates 
between  the  ranks  till 
the  signal  to  cease  fi- 
ring. The  fire  may  be 
oblique,  and  pieces  may 
be  recovered  as  in  the 
fire  by  company. 

2.  Aim. 

3.  Fike. 

4.  Load. 

The  fire  by  the  rear  rank. 
The  instructor . . 

The  captain  places 


1.  Face  hy  the\ 
rear  rank. 


40 


THE  FIRE  BY  THE  REAR  RANK. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructoe. 

OF 

Capt.  oe  Lt. 

himself  one  pace  in 
front  of  the  right  file 
facing  to  it,  the  covering 
sergeant  one  pace  be- 
hind him.  The  file- 
dosers  pass  through  the 
captain’s  interval,  and 
in  rear  of  the  sergeant, 
posting  themselves  op- 
posite their  places  in 

line,  and  facing  to  the 

rear 

2.  Compa/n/y. 

3.  About — 

The  captain  and  ser- 
geant post  themselves 
in  the  interval,  after  the 
company  faces  about. 
The  captain  in  the  rear 
(now  front)  rank,  cov- 
ered by  the  sergeant  in 
the  front  (now  rear) 
rank. 

The  fires  are  executed 
as  by  the  front  rank, 
and  by  the  same  com- 
mands. The  fire  ly  file 
commences  on  the  (now) 
right,  and  that  l)y  rank 
with  the  (now)  rear 
rank. 

Face. 

THE  FIRE  BY  THE  REAR  RANK. 


41 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instktjctopw 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

To  bring  back  the 
company  to  its  proper 
front. ' 

1.  Face  by  the 
front  rank. 

2.  Company, 

3.  About — 
Face. 

The  captain,  covering 
sergeant,  and  file-clo- 
sers execute  all  that  has 
been  said  for  facing  by 
the  rear  rank. 

9 


I 

I 

I 

I 

i-iTnvrrrn-rM.i.L  niMMi  r na  iL 

^ h 6 

TO  ADVANCE  IN  LINE  OF  BATTLE.-^ 


4* 


42 


TO  ADVANCE  IN  LINE  OF  BATTLE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

THIRD  LESSON. 


To  advance  in  line  of  battle. 


The  instructor  throws  himself  twenty-five  or 
thirty  paces  in  front,  faces  to  the  captain  and  cov- 
ering sergeant,  places  himself  on  their  direction, 


and  then  commands . . . 


1.  Company — 
Forward. 


A sergeant,  previous- 
ly designated,  places 
himself  six  paces  in 
advance  of  the  captain, 
and  is  assured  in  the 
direction  by  the  instruc- 
tor to  whom  he  faces, 
after  which  this  ser- 
geant takes  points  on 
the  ground  in  the  right 
line  which,  drawn  from 
himself,  would  pass  be- 
tween the  heels  of  the 
instructor,  who  com- 
mands   


2.  March. 


The  men  take  the  touch  of  the  elbows  toward 
the  side  of  the  directing  sergeant ; the  one  next 
to  the  captain  marches  a little  in  rear  of  him,  pre- 
serving the  fine  of  his  shoulders  parallel  with  his. 
The  captain  marches  in  the  trace  of  the  directing 


TO  HALT  AND  ALIGN  THE  COMPANY.  45 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Instkuctoe. 

OF 

Capt.  oe  Lt. 

sergeant,  keeping  the  distance  of  six  paces  be- 
tween them. 

If  the  men  lose  the  step,  the  instructor  com- 
mands To  the  STEP,  at  which  they  recover  it  by  a 
glance  at  the  directing  sergeant. 

The  captain  and  directing  sergeant  may  be 
placed  either  on  the  right  or  left  flank,  and  the 
ranks  may  be  either  opened  or  closed. 

To  halt  and  align  the  company. 


The  instructor  com- 
mands   


1.  Company. 

2.  Halt. 


The  directing  ser^ 
geant  remains  in  front, 
unless  ordered  to  retire. 

If  the  alignment  is  very  defective,  the  instruc- 
tor advances  two  or  four  flies,  on  the  side  of  di- 
rection for  a basis,  and  aligns  the  company  on  it. 
But  if  it  be  not  so  he 
simply  commands Captain  recti- 

fy the  align- 
m&nt. 


The  captain  directs 
this  or  that  flle  forward^ 
or  back,  in  the  front, 
and  the  covering  ser- 
geant does  the  same  in 
the  rear  rank. 


44  OBLIQUE  MARCH  IN  LINE  OF  BATTLE. 


Commands. 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

Oblique  march  in  line  of  battle. 


The  company  being 
in  the  direct  march 

The  directing  ser- 
geant maintains  his 
shoulders  squarely  in 
oblique  line.  The  cap- 
tain conforms  his  march 
to  that  of  the  sergeant. 
The  men  in  the  rear 
rank  march  in  rear  of 
the  man  next  to  their 
file  leaders,  dressing 
toward  the  side  on 
which  the  oblique  is 
made. 

To  resume  the  direct 
march 


1.  Right  (or 
left)  oblique. 

2.  March. 


1.  Forward. 

2.  March. 


The  company  ceases 
to  oblique,  and  marches 
direct. 

The  instructor,  from 
a point  twenty  paces  in 
front  of  the  captain, 
rectifies  the  direction, 
if  needed,  of  the  direct- 
ing sergeant.  1 


THE  MARCH  IN  RETREAT. 


45 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  j OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  obli^Tie  may  be  either  to  the  side  of  direc- 
tion, or  to  the  other  side.  In  either  case  the 
guide  is,  during  the  oblique  march,  on  that  side 
to  which  the  company  obliques. 

To  mark  time l.  Marh  Ume. 

2.  Maech. 


To  resume  the  march 

To  take  the  double- 
quick  step 


To  pass  from  double- 
quick  to  quick  time . . . 


1.  Forward. 

2.  Makch. 


1.  DoubU-qvAcJc 

2.  March. 


1.  Quick  time. 

2.  March. 


Fifteen  or  twenty 
steps  at  a time  may  be 
taken  in  the  back  step 
by  the  command 


1.  Company 
'backward. 

2.  March. 


The  march  in  retreat. 


The  company  being 
at  a halt 


1.  Company. 

2.  About— 
Face. 


The  instructor  places 
himself  twenty-five  or 
thirty  paces  in  front, 


4 


46  THE  MARCH 

m RETREAT. 

Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

1 OF 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

faced  to  the  covering 
sergeant,  and  on  the 
direction  of  this  ser- 
geant and  the  captain . 

1.  Compawy., 
Forward. 

The  covering  ser- 
geant goes  into  the 
rank  of  file-closers,  the 
captain  into  the  place 
quitted  by  the  sergeant. 
The  directing  sergeant 
places  himself  six  paces 
in  advance  of  the  line 
of  file-closers,  and  is 
assured  on  the  dir’ec- 
tion,  as  in  the  advance 
in  line 

2.  March. 

The  *march  is  executed  as  when  faced  by  the 
front  rank.  The  company  returns  to  its  proper 
front,  by  the  same  commands,  as  above,  the  cap- 
tain and  covering  sergeant  resuming  their  habitual 
places.  The  only  difference  is,  that  the  directing 
sergeant  retires  at  once  without  an  order. 

The  company  marching  in  line,  whether  in  ad- 
vance or  retreat,  the  instructor  may  pass  from 
one  to  the  other  by  the  I 

command l.  Company. 

% Right  ahout\ 

. 3.  March.  < 


THE  MARCH  m RETREAT. 


47 


Commands 

Explanatioxs. 

OF 

iNSTRIfCTOR. 

OF 

Capt.  oe  Lt. 

The  - directing  ser- 
geant will  take  his  place 
promptly,  assured  on 
his  direction  by  the  in- 
structor. In  aU  other 
respects  the  movement 
is  executed  as  if  it  had 
been  begun  from  a halt. 

If,  instead  of  3.  March 
above,  the  instructor 
commands 

3.  SoMt 

The  company  faces 
about  in  marching,  and 
then  halts.  In  other 
respects,  it  is  as  if  it 
had  first  halted  and 
then  faced  about. 

The  company  will 
march  in  fine,  ifi  ad- 
vance, ^d  retreat,  and 
obhquely,  by  the  com- 
mand   

1.  Dou1)Z6— 

preceded  by  the  same 
command 

quick, 

2.  MARcn. 

as  in  quick  time. 

If  the  pieces  are  shifted  to  the  right  shoulder, 
the  rear  rank,  by  shortening  the  first  steps,  will 
increase  its  distance,  if  in  quick  time,  to  sixteen 
inches,  and  if  in  double-quick  io  twenty-six  inches. 
At  the  command,  halt^  the  pieces  are  br9ught  to 


4s 


THE  MARCH  BY  THE  FLANK. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OF 

Instructor. 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

the  shoulder,  and  the  rear  rank  closes  to  thirteen 
inches.  If  the  pieces  are  trailed  at  the  double- 
quick^  they  are  to  be  shouldered,  when  the  company 
halts — the  same  as  when  the  time  is  quick  and  the 
\ pieces  at  a support. 


E 6 E3  El  e5  □ 

COMPANY  RIGHT  F*ACE. 

FOURTH  LESSON. 


The  march  hy  the  flank. 

The  company  being 
in  line,  and  at  a halt. . 1.  Company,  . 

right— 

The  whole  having 
faced,  the  files  double, 
the  rear  rank  men  and 
file-closers  taking  a side 


THE  mJ6iCH*BY  the  FLANK.  49 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Insthtjctoii. 

OF 

Capt.  OR  Lt. 

step  to  the  right.  The 
captain  and  covering 
sergeant  take  a side  step 
to  the  left,  so  that  the 
sergeant  may  be  in  front 
of  the  first  man  of  the 
front  rank,  and  the  cap- 
tain on  the  left  of  the  ser- 
geant. 

To  move  forward . . . 

2.  Forward. 

3.  March. 

The  company  faces  to  the  left  by  substituting 
for  rights  above.  The  left  guide  places  him- 
self before  the  leading  man  of  the  front  rank,  the 
captain  on  the  guide’s  right,  and  the  right  guide 
behind  the  last  man  of  the  front  rank. 


^ <□  <{]  B 


BY  FILE  LEFT  MARCH. 


50  CHANGING  FILES. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OP 

Instrtjctoe. 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

To  change  direction  by  file. 


The  company  march- 
ing by  the  right  flank, 
or  at  a halt 


1.  Sy 

(or  right.) 

2.  Maech. 


left 


To  whichever  side 
the  turn  is  made  the 
man  on  the  inside  short- 
ens five  or  six  of  his 
steps,  and  the  one  on 
the  outside  takes  steps 
of  the  usual  length. 
Both  describe  an  arc  of 
a circle.  The  touch  of 
elbows  is  always  to  the 
side  of  the  front  rank 
man. 


To  halt  the  company  and  face  it  to  the  front, 


The  instructor  com- 
mands  


1.  Company. 

2.  IlaXt. 

3.  Feont.  • 


The  company  faces 
to  the  left^  if  it  had  been 
faced  by  the  right  flank, 
and  vice  versa.  In  both 


DOUBLING  AND  UNDOUBLING  FILES. 


51 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instbuctob. 

OF 

Capt.  OB  Lt. 

cases  the  files  undouble 
and  the  rear  rank  and 
file-closers  close  to  their 
distance,  the  captain 
and  the  two  guides  re- 
take their  places  as  in 
line  of  battle. 

Doubling  and  undoubling  files. 


The  company,  in  line  of  battle  and  marching  to 
the  front,  the  instructor 

may  command* 1.  Company  ly 

the  right 
flank. 

2.  Halt. 


The  company  will 
face  in  marching  halt, 
and  immediately  double 
the  files. 

The  company  may  be  halted  by  the  left  flank, 
on  the  same  principle. 

The  company  marching  by  the  right  (or  left) 
flank,  the  instructor  may 

command 1*  Company  hy 

the  left  (or 
right)  flank. 

2.  Halt. 


* Casey’s  Tactics.  The  practice  of  these  movements  will 
facilitate  the  doubling  and  uudoubling  when  it  march. 


52 


DOUBLING  AND  UNDOUBLING  FILES. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructoe. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  company  will 
face  to  the  front  (or 
rear)  in  marching,  halt, 
and  undouble  files. 

- 

If  in  facing  to  the  right  or  left  the  company 
becomes  faced  to  the  rear,  the  numbers  undouble 
so  as  never  to  intervert  the  order  of  the  two  kinds 
of  numbers  in  t)iQranh:  that  is,  if  the  rank  were 
to  be  then  faced  mout,  the  order  of  the  numbers, 
counting  from  the  same  flank  is  the  same.  (If  the 
face  is  from  the  right  flank  face  to  the  rear,  the 
odd  step  up  to  the  left  of  the  even  numbers.  If 
from  the  left  flank  face^  to  the  rear,  the  even  step 
up  to  the  right  of  the  odd  numbers.) 

But,  being  in  any  way  faced  to  the  rear  then 
facing  to  either  flank,  the  doubling  is  precisely  the 
reverse  of  what  takes  place  When  facing  from  the 
front.  For  example,  the  company  being  faced  to 
the  rear,  when  the  command  is  given  by  the  in- 


structor. 


1.  Bytheleft 
flank. 

2.  Halt  (or  2. 
Makch). 


The  company  faces  to 
its  left,  and  the  even 
numbers  place  them' 
selves  on  the  left  of  the 

gdd. 


If,  instead,  the  m* 


TO  FORM  THE  COMPAXY. 


53 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

1 OF 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

structor 

fiank. 
2.  Halt. 

The  odd  numbers 

(or  2 March), 

place  themselves  to  the 
right  of  the  even  num- 
bers.* 

If,  in  facing  to  the 

right  or  left  in  march- 
ing, the  company  be- 
comes faced  to  the  rear, 

• 

the  captain  places  him- 
self two  paces  in  rear 
of  the  centre,  and  the 
guides  pass  into  the 
leading  rank . 

Note.  “ The  movements  of  doubling  and  un- 
doubling when  passing  from  the  flank  march  to 
the  front  march,  ought  not  to  be  too  precipitate,  in 
order  to  avoid  confusion.” — French  Ordonnance^ 
1861. 

To  form  the  company  on  the  right  or  left  by  file 
into  line. 

The  company  march- i 
ing  by  the  right  flank.  ;1*  On  the  right 
^ ^ ^ \ hy  file  into 

! line. 

1 2.  March. 

* Otherwise  the  position  of  the  guides  would  he  deranged. 
5* 


crm  5 


cm  ^ 
cm  ^ 


TO  FORM  THE  COMPANY  BY  FILE  INTO  LINE.  55 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instbuctop.. 

of 

Capt.  ob  Lt. 

The  rear  rank  marks 
time  (doubled).  The 
captain  and  covering 
sergeant  turn  ‘to  the 
right,  march  forward, 
and  are  halted  by  the 
instructor  at 

•i 

at  the  least,  beyond  the  rank  of  file-closers.  The 
captain  places  himself  on  the  alignment  for  the 
front  rank,  the  covering  sergeant  on  that  for  the 
rear  rank,  and  behind  the  captain,  each  directing 
the  alignment  of  his  rank  as  their  men  arrive  on 
it.  The  first  file  of  the  front  rank,  having  contin- 
ued the  march,  wheel  to  the  right  so  soon  as  they 
have  passed  the  sergeant,  march  abreast  toward 
the  line,  at  two  paces  from  it  undouble,  by  the 
even  numbers  shortening  his  step  for  the  odd 
number  to  pass  before  him ; the  latter  inching  to 
the  right  places  himself  on  the  captain’s  left,  and 
the  even  number  obliquing  to  the  left  takes  his 
place  on  the  left  of  the  odd  number.  The  next 
two  of  the  front-rank  men  pass  beyond  ljie  last 
two,  turn  to  the  right,  and  arrive  on  the  line  in  the 
same  manner,  and  so  on,  in  succession,  to  the  left 
of  the  rank.  The  rear-rank  men,  doubled,  execute 
the  same  thing,  taking  care  to  mafk  time  till  they 
see  four  men  of  the  front  rank  on  the  line,  and  to 
cover  accurately  their  file  leaders. 

Marching  by  the  left  flank  the  formation  follows 
the  same  principles,  left  being  substituted  for  right 


56  THE  COMPANY  MARCHINa  BY  THE  FLANK. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OF 

Instritctob. 

1 Capt.  OR  Lt. 

in  the  command  above.  It  is  the  odd  number 
that  shortens  his  Step,  and  the  even  that  precedes, 
in  undoubling  on  the  line.  The  captain  and  left 
guide  remain  at  the  left,  till  the  instructor  directs 
them  to  take  their  posts  in  line  of  battle.  The  in- 
structor should  be  placed  opposite  the  right  (or 
left)  file  to  mark  the  basis  of  alignment,  and,  that 
done  should  pass  along  the  front,  to  observe  the 
files  as  they  arrive  on  the  line. 


The  company  marching  by  the  flank  to  form  com- 
pany or  platoon,  and  to  face  them  in  marching. 


The  company  marching  by  the  right  flank,  the 
instructor  orders  the  captain  to  form  it  into  line 


who,  facing  to  his  com- 
pany, commands 

The  covering  sergeant 
marches  straight  on. 
The  men  advance  the 
right  shoulder,  take  the 
double-quick  step,  un- 
doubling the  files,  and 
by  the  shortest  route 
place  themselves  on 
the  alignment  of  the 
sergeant,  taking  the 
step  from  him.  The 
rear-rank  men  follow 
their  file  leaders.  The 


1 


1.  By  com- 
pany into 
line. 

2.  Makch. 


58  THE  CO^fPANY  MARCHINO  BY  THE  FLANK. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

company  formed,  in 
line,  the  captain  com- 
mands  

Guide  left. 

Th§  left  guide  places 
himself  on  the  left  of 
the  front  rank,  and  the 
captain  two  paces  in 
front  of  the  centre. 

If  the  company  is  marching  by  the  left  hank, 
the  commands  and  means  of  execution  are  the 
same,  and  the  last  command  is  guide  rights  when 
the  covering  sergeant  becomes  the  guide,  the  sec- 
ond sergeant  remaining  on  the  left  of  the  front 
rank. 

In  a company  which  is,  or  is  supposed  to  be, 
part  of  a column,  these  two  sergeants  are  always 
posted  as  above,  and  one  or  other  is  charged  with 
the  direction.  They  are  styled  right  and  left  guide 
respectively.  If  (marching  by  either  flank)  the 
company  had  faced  about  before  coming  into  line, 
the  files  so  undouble  that  numbers  one  and  two 
of  the  front  rank  arrive  on . the  line  together  and 
abreast,  the  rear-rank  men  of  their  group  obliquing 
to  cover  them  in  file. 

The  instructor  wish- 
ing to  form  platoons, 
instead  of  company  as 
above,  gives  the  order 
to  the  captain,  who. 


THE  COirPA.XY  MARCHING  BY  THE  FLANK.  59 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

facing  to  the  company, 

1.  Byplatoon^ 
into  line. 

Tlie  captain  places 
himself  before  the  cen- 
tre of  the  first  platoon, 
the  first-lieutenant  pass- 

2. March. 

ing  by  its  right  flank 
before  that  of  the  sec- 
ond. the  men  move,  into 
line  as  in  the  last  in- 
stance, the  platoons 
formed,  each  chief  com- 

mands   

GvAde  left. 

At  this,  the  first  ser- 
geant passing  rapidly 
along  the  front,  places 
himself  on  the  left  of 
his  platoon,  and  the 
second  sergeant  takes 
the  left  of  the  second. 

When  the  march  is  by  the  left  flank  the  princi- 
ples are  the  same.  Both  the  captain  and  first- 
lieutenant  pass  around  the  left  of  the  company, 
each  to  place  himself  in  front  of  his  platoon ; each 
gives  the  command,  guide  right,  and  it  is  the  guide 
of  the  second  platoon  that  passes  to  its  right. 

All  these  movements  may  be  executed  by  direct 
commands  of  the  instructor. 

The  instructor  will  exercise  the  company  in 
passing  from  the  front  to  the  flank  march,  and  re- 


60  THE  COMPANY  MARCHING  BY  THE  FLANK. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Insteitctoe. 

OF 

Capt.  oe  Lt. 

ciprocally,  by  the  com- 
mands   

1.  Company  by 
the  (right  or 
left) 

2.  Maech. 

Being  in  column  by  platoon,  the  platoons  may- 
be marched  by  their  right  or  left  flanks  by  the 
same  commands.  At  the  first  command  the  chiefs 
and  guides  will  shift  to  the  indicated  flank. 

The  instructor  may  likewise  face  about  the 
column  in  marching  by( 

the  commands l.  Company 

right  about. 

2.  Maech  (or  2. 

Halt). 


Adding,  in  the  first 
case 


Guide  right  (or 
left). 

Marching  in  column  by  platoon,  the  march  may 
be  continued  in  the  same  direction,  the  right  in 


front  by  the  command, 


1.  Company 
by  the  right 
flank. 

2.  By  file  left. 
Maech. 


The  chief  and  guide 
of  the  second  platoon 
pass  through  the  inter- 
val to  their  places  as 
file-closers,  just  before 
they  have  conducted 


TO  BREAK  INTO  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON.  61 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

the  right  of  their  pla- 
toon to  unite  with  the 
left  of  the  first. 

With  the  left  in  front 

1.  Company 
hy  the  left 
flank. 

2.  By  file  right. 

3.  March. 

The  principle  is  the 
same.  A step  before 
the  first  unites  with  the 
second  platoon,  the  first 
sergeant  returns  to  his 
place  in  the  rear,  and 
the  captain  takes  the 
place  of  the  first-lieu- 
tenant, who  retires  to 
his  place  as  a file- 
closer. 

FIFTH  LESSON. 

To  break  into  column  by  platoon. 

The  company  being 
in  line  and  at  a halt. . . i.  By  platoon^ 
right  wheel. 

The  captain  and  first- 
lieutenant  place  them- . 
selves  two  paces  before 


62  TO  BREAK  INTO  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 ^ 

Instkuctoe. 

j Capt.  oe  Lt. 

and  facing  the  centre  of 
their  platoons  (the  lieu- 
tenant passing  around 
the  left  of  the  company) 
and  caution  them  to 
wheel  to  the  right.  The 
first  sergeant  takes  the 
place  of  the  captain  on 

the  right 

Each  chief  of  pla- 
toon, by  the  shortest 
line,  throws  himself 
outside  the  point  where 
the  marching  flank  of 
his  platoon  will  arrive, 
the  right  front  rank 
man  of  each  platoon 
faces  to  the  right,  the 
6* 


2.  Maech. 


TO  BREAK  INTO  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON.  €3 


Explanations. 


Commands 

OF  ,OF 

Instructor.  Capt.  or  Lt. 


first  sergeant  standing 
fast.  The  platoons 
wheel  on  a' fixed  pivot. 
When  the  moving  flank 
shall  be  three  paces 
from  the  perpendicular 
each  chief  of  platoon. . 


1.  Platoon, 

2.  Halt. 


' The  first  and  second 
sergeants  go  to  the  left 
of  their  platoons,  are 
placed  on  the  line  of 
the  man  who  had  faced 
the  chief  of  platoon 
step  back  two  paces. . . 

The  alignment  ended, 
the  chiefs  take  their 
posts,  two  paces  in  front 
of  the  centre  of  their 
platoons. 

To  BREAK  TO  THE 
LEFT. 


To  break  by  platoon 
and  not  to  halt  after  the 

wheel 

(The  instructor  caution- 
ing the  company  not  to 
halt.) 


3.  Left,  Dress. 

Front. 


1.  By  platoon. 
lej%  icheel. 

2.  March. 

3.  Right. 
Dress. 

4.  Front. 

1.  By  platoon., 
right  wheel. 


64  TO  BREAK  INTO  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON. 


Command^ 


Explanations. 


OF 

Instkuctor. 


OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 


The  chiefs  throw 
themselves  before  the 
centres  of  the  platoons 
and  caution  them  to 
move  on  after  wheeling, 
the  covering  sergeant 
replaces  the  captain. . . 


2.  March. 


The  platoons  wheel 
on  a fixed  pivot,  the 
right  front  rank  marks 
time  in  turning. 

The  marching  fiank 
arrived  nearly  at  the 
perpendicular 


8.  Forward. 
4.  ISIarch. 


The  men  step  out  in 

the  full  step 5.  Guide  left. 

The  guides  place  them- 
selves on  the  left  fianks. 

The  men  touch  el- 
bows toward  the  left. 

If  the  company  be  in  march  by  the  front,  it  will 
break,  by  platoon  in  the  same  manner,  the  pivot 
man  marking  time. 

The  company  may  be  broken  to  the  left,  in  the 
same  manner,  the  indication  then  being,  left  wheel. 


TO  MARCH  IN  COLUMN. 


65 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OF 

i 

Instructor. 

1 Capt.  OR  Lt. 

& 


To  march  in  column. 


El  □ n 


6 


6 


!3 


The  column,  being  right 
in  front  (i.  e.  the  first  plar 
toon  leading)  the  instruc- 
tor throws  himself  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  paces  in 
front  of  the  leading  guide 
and  facing  to  him,  the 
guide  takes  points  in  the 
line  which  passes  through 
the  heels  of  that  officer, 


who  then  commands . . . 


1.  Colmnn  for- 
uard. 

2.  Guide  left. 

3.  Makch. 

/ 


Mabcil 


The  chiefs  of  platoon 
repeat  the  last  com- 
mand. 

The  men  touch  el- 
bows toward  the  guide, 
the  man  next  to  him 
will  take  care  never  to 
march  beyond  him,  and 
not  to  touch  elbows 
with  him,  but  to  pre- 
serve an  interval  of  six 
inches  between  them. 
The  rear  guide  follows 


66 


TO  CHANGE  DIRECTION. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Insteuctoe. 

OF 

Oapt.  oe  Lt. 

the  trace  of  the  one  in 
front.  If  the  latter  is 
directed  to  incline  at  a 
given  point,  the  rear 
guide  makes  the  same 
change  of  direction 
when  he  arrives  at  the 
same  point.  The  chiefs 
see  that  the  platoons 
conform  to  the  guides. 

/ 

The  guides  are  to  preserve  the  direction,  step, 
and  distance,  of  which*  the  last  is  the  most  impor- 
tant. 


In  column,  chiefs  of  subdivision  repeat  the  com- 
mands march  and  halt^  likewise  when  the  column 
moves  to  form  line,  but  not  vice  versa. 

A column  left  in  front,  takes  the  guide  to  the 
rights  that  is  all  the  difference  that  there  is  in  the 
commands  and  execution. 

To  change  direction. 

The  change  of  direction,  in  column,  is  always 
made  by  a wheel,  on  a movable  pivot.  The  guide 
is  taken  therefore  to  the  side  opposite  that  wheeled 
toward.  If  it  is  wished  that  a column  right  in 
front  change  direction  to  the  left,  the  instructor 
commands  guide  rights  and  goes  himself  or  sends 
a marker  to  the  intended  point,  which  is  taken  on 
the  side  of  the  guide,  who  directs  himself  so  as  to 


TO  CHANGE  DIRECTION. 


67 


^TTTTTTTXrX] 


i la  in 

I 

tki-1-J-i.J.J..l.L.Lj..I 

6 a 


graze  the  breast  of  the 
marker. 

At  four  paces  from 
the  marker  the  chief  of 

platoon 

At  the  instant  of 
reaching  him 


1.  Leftw?i6€l,\ 

2.  Maboh. 


G8 


TO  CHANGE  DIRECTION. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  pivot. takes  steps 
of  nine  inches  if  in 
quick  time,  and  of  eleven 
if  the  time  be  double- 
quick^  and  the  wheel 
being  completed 

when  the  platoon 
marches  directly  for- 
ward, and  the  instruc- 
tor adds 

Guide  left. 

4.  March. 

Habitually,  light  infantry  in  column,  changes  di- 
rection in  marching  by  a loheel^  and  to  the  side  op- 
posite to  the  guide.  When  required,  the  change 
may  be  made  to  the  side  of  the  guide,  not  by 
wheeling,  but  by  turning^  as  follows:  The  com- 
pany being  in  column  of  platoons,  (or  itself  being 
supposed  to  form  a subdivision  of  a column),  and 
in  march,  right  in  front,  the  instructor,  causing 
first  the  point  of  change  of  direction  to  be  mark- 
ed, on  the  side  and  in  advance  of  the  guide,  com- 


mands . 


Head  of  col- 
umn to  the  left 
(or  right.) 


The  chief  of  the 
leading  subdivision, 
when  the  guide  is  with- 
in four  paces  of  the 
marker,  commands .... 
and  when  the  guide  is 


1.  Left  turn  {or 
right  turn.)  ‘ 


TO  HALT  THE  COLUMN. 


69 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OB’ 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

precisely  opposite  the 

marker 

2.  March. 

The  guide  turns  at 
right  angles,  without 
changing  the  step,  takes 
points  in  the  new  di- 
rection and  marches 
forward. 

The  following  subdi- 
vision (if  there  be  one) 
turns  at  the  same  point. 

« 

by  the  same  commands 
from  its  chief. 

The  files  come  into 
line,  as  in  the  movement 
of.  By  company  into  line. 

The  change  of  direction  with  the  left  in  front  is 
on  the  same  principle.  If  .the  change  is  to  the 
right,  the  guide  is  shifted  to  the  left  before  the 
wheel,  and  after  it,  the  command  is  given.  Guide 
right  If  the  change  is  to  the  right,  with  the 
right  in  front,  or  to  the  left  with  the  left  in  front, 
no  change  of  guide  is  necessary. 


To  halt  the  column. 

The  instructor  com- 
mands  1.  Column, 

2.  Halt. 

Promptly  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon. 


Halt. 


70  TO  FORM  TO  THE  EIGHT  OR  LEFT  INTO  LINE. 


Being  in  column,  to  form  to  the  right  or  left  into 
line. 


The  column  being  at  a halt;  and  right  in  front, 
the  instructor  places  himself  at  platoon  distance 
in  front  of  the  leading  guide,  facing  to  him,  and 
rectifies,  if  necessary,  the  position  of  the  guide  of 
the  second  platoon ; he 
then  commands Dress. 

Chiefs  of  platoons 
step  to  the  left  flanks, 
align  them  on  the  guides 
and  command.  . . . 
and  take  their  posts  in 
column. 

The  instructor . 


1.  Left  into 
line^  wheel. 

2.  Maeou. 


Front. 


March. 


TO  FORM  TO  THE  RIGHT  OR  LEFT  INTO  LINE.  71 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  guides  stand  fast, 
the  left  front-rank  man 
of  each  platoon  faces 
to  the  left,  the  chiefs 
turn  to  their  platoons, 
which  wheel  on  a fixed 
pivot,  and  command. . . 

1.  Platoon, 

2.  Halt. 

giving  the  last  com- 

mand  when  the  march- 
ing flank  is  three  paces 
from  the  line  of  battle. 
The  lieutenant  passing 
by  the  left  flank  takes 
his  post  as  a file-closer, 
the  ^ptain  from  the 
right 

Right— 

aligning  the  company 
on  the  left  front-rank 
man,  while  the  right 
front  rank  man  places 
his  breast  against  the 
left  arm  of  the  instruc- 
tor. 

The  captain  com- 
mands   

Front. 

and  the  instructor 

Guides — Posts 

The  first  sergeant 
covers  the  captain,  and 
the  second  takes  his 
place  as  file-closer. 

72  TO  FORM  TO  THE  RIGHT  OR  LEFT  INTO  LINE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

If  the  column  were  left  in  front,  the  command 
would  be,  Bight  into  line^  wheel;  the  company  would 
be  aligned  by  the  captain  from  its  left,  who  at  the 
command  Guides — Posts,  would  take  his  place  on 
the  right. 

If  the  column  is  in  march,  and  it  is  wished  to 
wheel  directly  into  line  and  then  to  halt,  but  not 
to  halt  in  column,  the 
instructor 


and  throws  himself  to 
platoon  distance  in 
front  of  the  leading 
guide. 


Lep  (or  right) 
into  line 
wheel. 

2.  Maech. 


March. 


. At  the  command 
March,  the  guides  halt, 
the  platoons  wheel,  and 
the  company  is  aligned, 
in  all  respects  as  before. 

Being  in  march  in  column,  when  it  is  wished  to 
wheel  into  line,  without  halting  at  all  (either  in 
column  or  line)  the  in- 

1.  By  platoons 
left  (or  right) 
wheel. 

2.  March.  March. 


structor  commands .... 


The  guides  halt  at 
the  command  March, 
the  man  next  to  them 
marks  time  in  turning, 


TO  BREAK  INTO  PLATOONS  AND  TO  RE-FORM.  73 


COMJ^ANDS 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

the  platoons  wheel  on 
a fixed  pivot,  and  when 
nearly  in  line,  the  in- 
structof  adds 

3.  Forward. 

4.  March. 

5.  Git/ide  right 

The  company  step 
out,  the  officers  and 
guides  take  their  proper 
posts 

The  captain  and  cov- 
ering sergeant  shift  to 
the  designated  fiank,  if 
not  already  there,  and 
the  directing  sergeant 
places  himself  six  paces 
in  advance,  and  is  rec- 
tified by  the  instructor 
from  tfie  front. 

(or  left.) 

SIXTH  LESSOH. 

To  break  into  platoons  and  to  re-form  the 
company. 


The  company  being  in  march,  as  part  of  a col- 
umn right  in  front,  the  instructor  gives  the  order 
to  the  captain,  who 
facftig  to  the  company, 
commands 


1.  Break  into 
platoons. 


Y4  TO  break:  into  platoons  and  to  re-form. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  I OF 

IXSTRIJCTOR.  1 CaPT.  OR 

I . ^ • 

L- 1,  .1  ■ i-j  I 1 I I n 

Ei  fin 


ifi  fi  H E3  fi  □ 

and  then  places  him- 
self before  the  centre 
of  the  first  platoon. 

The  first  lieutenant, 
passing  around  the  left 
flank,  places  himself  in 
front  of  the  second,  and 

commands 

The  captain  adds 

The  first  sergeant, 


Mwirlc  time. 
2.  March. 


TO  BREAK  INTO  PLATOONS  AND  TO  RE-FORM.  75 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

passing  along  the  front, 

places  himself  on  the 
left  of  the  first  platoon 
which  marches  directly 
forward,  the  second 
platoon  marks  time,  its 
chief,  so  soon  as  it  can 
pass,  commands 

1.  Right  ob- 

The second  platoon. 

lique. 

shortening  the  step,  ob- 

2. March. 

liques,  and  at  the  mo- 
ment that  its  guide  is 
nearly  on  the  direction 
of  the  guide  of  the  first, 
the  lieutenant  adds.  . . 

1.  Forward. 

2.  March. 

In  a column  left  in  front,  the  means  are  inverse. 
The  second  platoon  marches  on,  while  the  first  ob- 
liques, while  it  is  the  left  guide  who  passes  to  the 
right  flank  of  the  second  (now  leading)  platoon, 
the  right  guide  remaining  at  the  right  of  the  first. 

To  form  the  company,  the  right  being  in  front, 
the  instructor  gives  the  direction  to  the  captain, 
who  commands \Form  com- 


The  chief  of  the  sec- 
ond cautions  it  to  march 

directly  on 

The  heutenant  re- 
peats   


party. 

1.  Fir  at  pla- 
toon. 

2.  Bight  ob- 
lique. 

8.  March. 


(March.) 


76  TO  BREAK  INTO  PLATOONS  AND  TO  RE-FORM. 


CO-M.MANDS 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

of 

Capt.  or  Lt, 

The  first  platoon  ob- 
liques, its  guide  shifts 
to  its  right  flank,  when 
it  has  nearly  unmasked 
the  second  platoon,  its 
chifif  adds 

1.  Marie  time, 

and 

2.  March. 

at  the  instant  of  un- 
masking. 

So  soon  as  the  second 
platoon  shall  be  nearly 
in  line  with  the  first, 
the  captain  commands.. 

Forward. 

The  lieutenant  retires, 
and  at  the  instant  the 
platoons  unite,  the  cap- 
tain adds.  

March. 

At  which  they  step! 
out  together.  | 

In  a column  left  in  front  the  company  is  formed 
by  inverse  means,  applying  to  the  second  (then 
leading)  platoon  what  has  been  said  of  the  first, 
and  reciprocally.  The  guide  of  the  second  passes 
to  its  left  flank,  the  guide  of  the  first  remains  at 
its  right,  the  chief  of  the  second  commands  For- 
ward, and  the  captain,  March. 

The  movements  of  breaking  and  forming  com- 
pany may  be  executed  by  the  instructor’s  direct 


TO  BREAK  FILES  TO  THE  REAR. 


*77 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OF 

Instructor. 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

commands,  which  would  be  the  same  as  those 
given  above  by  the  captain.* 


To  break  files  to  the  rear,  and  to  bring  them 
again  into  line. 

Files  are  to  be  so  broken  that,  whereas  they 
were  marching  by  the  front,  they  shall  be  march- 
ing in  the  same  direction  by  the  flank.  The  files 
broken  off  must  so  cover  in  file  that  they  may 
either  come  back  to  the  front,  or  unite  with  the 
other  files  in  the  march  by  the  opposite  flank. 
Whatever  the  mode  adopted,  the  files  broken  off 
must,  in  effect,  double^  and  gain  the  rear  of  the 
nearest  files  that  continue  in  line.  Tiie  method 
prescribed  in  General  Casey’s  Tactics  seems  so 
superior  to  others,  that  it  will  be  preferred  here. 
His  principle  is,  to  apply  to  files  what  is  performed 
by  a subdivision  at  the  command,  1.  Bij  the  right 
(or  left)  flank.  2.  By  file  left  (or  right) 

The  instructor  gives  the  direction  to  the  captain, 
who  turning  to  his  company,  which  is  marching  in 


* It  is  obvious  that  the  movements  in  the  text  oblige 
the  column  to  deviate  to  the  right  when  the  right  is  in 
front,  and  to  the  left  when  the  left  is.  If  the  following 
platoon  should  oblique  into  line,  in  the  double-quick  step, 
(on  the  principle  of  the  passage  of  obstacles  in  the  battal- 
ion manoeuvres)  the  inconvenience  would  be  avoided. 


*?8 


TO  BREAK  FILES  TO  THE  REAR. 


Explanations. 

Commands  “ 

OF  1 OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

<5> 


o □> 


line,  and  right  in  front, 
commands 


The  left  group  faces 
to  the  right,  doubles, 
and  wheels  by  file  to 
the  left,  covering  the 


1.  Two  files 
from  to 
rewr, 

2.  Makch. 


I 


TO  BREAK  FILES  TO  TEB  REAR. 


79 


Explanations. 

Commands 

OF 

Instkuctoe. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

nearest  files  which  have 
continued  to  march. 
The  left  guide  closes  in 
to  the  flank. 

If  another,  or  other, 
groups  are  ordered  to 
the  rear  (by  the  same 
commands)  that,  or 
those,  already  there 
advance  the  outer  shoul 

1 

.der,  shorten  t 

# 

he  step,  and 

1.  7\oo  files 
into  line, 

2.  Maech. 


gain  ground  to  the  right,  in  order  to  leave  space 
for  the  tie  w files,  and  to  cover  them  in  file.  The 
guide  as  before  gradually  closes  to  the  flank. 

To  bring  the  files  back  into  line,  the  instructor 
directs  the  captain,  who 
facing  to  the  company 
commands.  

The  designated  files 
come  into  line,  precise- 
ly as  files  do  when  the 
command  is.  By  com- 
pany into  line.  Those 
that  remain  in  rear  gain 
ground  to  the  left  and 
close  on  the  flank,  the 
guide  opening  out  to 
permit  the  files  that 
enter  to  pass  into  line. 

The  captain  faces  to  the  company  to  superintend 
the  breaking  and  forming  of  the  files.  The  in- 


80 


THE  MARCH  IN  COLUMN  OF  ROUTE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 of 

Instructor. 

1 Caut.  or  Lt. 

structor  is  on  the  flank  for  the  same  purpose.  If 
there  is  an  odd  file,  it  must  be  broken  off  sepa- 
rately, the  doubling  and  undoubling  requiring  this, 
^he  others  are  broken  by  groups  {two^  four^  six 
mles)  for  the  same  reason.  The  march  demands 
that  files  be  broken  only  from  the  side  of  direction 
(that  of  the  guide).  [It  is  seen  that  a section  or 
a plate  may  be  broken  off  and  brought  into  line, 
on  the  same  principle.]  The  file-closers  are  placed 
as  in  other  flank  marches. 

In  a column  left  in  front,  the  principles  are  the 
same,  the  commands  and  means  of  execution  are 
inverse. 


The  inarch  in  column  of  route. 


The  habitual  rate  is  one  hundred  and  ten  steps 
in  a minute.  The  company  being  at  a halt,  the 


instructor  commands . 


1.  Column  for- 
ward. 


2.  Guide  left  {ov 
right.) 

3.  Route  step. 

4.  March. 


The  rear  rank,  by 
shortening  the  first 
steps,  takes  the  distance 
of  twenty-eight  inches 
from  the  front  rank. 
The  men  carry  their 
arms,  at  will  (slung,  on 


THE  MARCH  IX  COLUMN  OF  ROUTE. 


81 


Explanations. 

Commands 

OF 

Instructor. 

op 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

either  shoulder,  &c., 
but  the  muzzle  always 
upward).  The  step  is 
not  cadenced,  nor  is 
silence  preserved  in  the 
ranks.  Changes  of  di- 
rection are  made  on  a 
simple  intimation  from 
the  captain,  without  a 
command.  The  step  at 
the  pivot  is  fourteen 

• 

inches. 

To  pass  to  the  cadenced  step  the  instructor 


will  command., 


Right  shoulder 
Akms. 

1.  Quick  time. 

2.  March. 


The  men  take  the 
cadenced  step  and  the 
rear  rank’  closes  to  six- 
teen inches  from  the 
front. 

To  pass  from  the  cadenced  to  the  route  step  the 
instructor  commands  . ll.  Route  step. 

The  rear  rank,  short-  2.  March. 
ening  its  step,  takes  the 
interval  of  a pace  from 
the  front  rank,  the  arms 
are  at  will. 


82 


THE  MARCH  IN  COLUMN  OF  ROUTE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  • j OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

^lie  company  marching  by  the  front  in  the 
route  step,  to  march  it  by  the  flank  in  the  same 
direction,  the  instructor 
fcommands 


The  company  faces 
doubling,  and  files,  the 
right  (or  left)  guide 
leading,  and  the  captain 
on  his  left  (or  right). 

[Hardee  and  Casey  direct  the  movement  as  above. 
Looking  at  the  fact  that  the  ranks  are  a pace 
apart,  that  they  have  to  double  the  files,  and  that 
the  step  is  not  supposed  to  be  regulated,  it  is  a 
question  whether  the  cadenced  step  should  not  be 
first  resumed.  Scott’s  Tactics  required  that  it 
should  be,  and  the  French  Ordinance  of  1861  pre- 
scribes that  arms  be  shouldered  and  the  cadenced 
step  resumed  as  preparatory,  which  would  close 
the  ranks  even  nearer  than  in  the  case  of  passing 
from  Route-step^  to  Quick-time^  as  seen  above.] 

The  company  marching  by  the  front,  in  the  route- 
step,  is  broken  into  platoons,  and  is  re-formed,  the 
same  as  when  marching  in  the  cadenced  step, 
with  this  single  exception,  that  the  chiefs  of  pla- 
toons take  the  places  of  the  guides,  and  these  fall 
back  into  the  rear  rank. 


1.  Company  hy 
the  right  (or 
left)  flank. 

2.  By  file  left 
(or  right.) 

3.  March. 


THE  MARCH  IN  COLUMN  OF  ROUTE. 


83 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  j OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

1.  Break  into 
secMons. 

•2.  March. 


Platoons  may  be  broken  into  sections,  but  onhj 
in  column  of  route,  and  not  then,  unless  the  pla- 
toons have  at  least  twelve  files,  because  if  the^^ 
were  less  than  twelve  files  in  the  platoons,  tlj||v 
column  of  sections  (there  being  a pace  betwee^^ 
the  ranks)  would  in  marching  extend  itself  beyond 
its  proper  depth. 

To  form  sections  the  instructor  gives  the  order 
to  the  captain,  who  com- 
mands   

The  platoons  break 
in  the  same  way  that 
the  colnpany  breaks  in- 
to platoons.  The  cap- 
tain commands  the  first 
section,  the  second  lieu- 
tenant the  second,  the 
first  lieutenant  the  third 
and  the  next  in  rank 
the  fourth. 

Chiefs  of  sections 
take  the  places  of  their 
guides,  and  these  fall 
back  into  the  rear  rank. 

The  file-closers  close 
up  to  within  a pace  of 
the  rear  rank. 

To  re-form  the  platoons  the  instructor  gives  the 
order  to  the  captain,!  I 


84 


THE  MARCH  15^  COLUMN  OP  ROUTE. 


Commands 


Explanations. 

OF 

Instkuctok. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

who  commands 

1.  Form  pla- 
toons. 

Each  chief  places 
Ijimself  before  the  cen- 
PPe  of  his  section. 
Executed  as  in  form- 

ing company 

The  platoons  formed, 
the  chiefs  take  the 
places  of  their  guides, 
the  chiefs  of  the  second 
and  fourth  sections  re- 
turn to  the  rank  of 
file-closers,  and  this 
opens  out  to  two  paces 
from  the  rear-rank. 

2.  March. 

[In  both  the  foregoing  movements,  the  French 
Ordinance  requires  arms  to  be  shouldered,  and  the 
cadenced  ste^>  taken,  prior  to  their  execution.] 
Marching  in  column  of  platoons  or  sections,  the 
company  may  be*  marched  in  the  same  direction 
by  the  flank,  by  the  commands  : 1.  By  the  right 
flank,  2.  By  file  lefl^  &c.,  as  in  column  by  company. 
Likewise  files  may  be  broken  off,  in  the  same  man- 
ner, observing,  however,  that  the  section  must  not 
be  reduced  below  six  files,  not  counting  its  chief. 

The  company  marching  by  the  flank  will  double 
and  undouble  files  on  an  intimation  from  the  in- 
structor to  the  captain,  who  after  causing  the 
cadenced  step  to  be  resumed  and  arms  to  be  shoul- 


THE  MARCH  IN  COLUMN  OF  ROUTE. 


85 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

dered  or  supported, 
commands 

l.In  two  ranks 

If  marching  by  the 
right  flank,  the  odd 
numbers  march  on,  the 
even  shorten  the  step 
and  oblique  to  the  left, 
behind  the  odd.  The 
rear  rank  close  to  the 
left  to  touch  elbows 
with  the  front-rank 
men. 

undouble 

files. 

2.  March. 

If  the  march  be  by  the  left  flank,  it  is  the  odd 
men  who  oblique  behind  the  even.  The  company 
may,  in  a similar  manner,  substituting  one  rank  for 
two  ranks  in  the  command  above,  be  formed  from 
two  ranks  into  one,  on  the  flank  march.  The  files 
all  mark  time,  except  the  guide  and  first  man  of 
the  front  rank,  who  continue  to  march ; each  rear- 
rank  man  successively,  as  room  is  made,  steps  in 
behind  his  front-rank  man,  followed  j)romptly  by 
the  file-leader  of  the  next  file.  To  p^s'  from  single 
file  to  double,  the  cap- 


tain commands . 


The  rear-rank  men 
step  out  on  their  right 
8 


l.In  two  ranks 
dotvble  Jiles^ 
2.  March. 


86 


COUNTERMARCH. 


ExptANATrroNs. 

Commands 

OF 

Instktictok. 

OP 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

(or  left),  and  each  rank 
closes  on  its  leader.  | 
Marching  by  the  flan! 

k in  two  ranks 

5,  the  instruc- 

tor  gives  the  order  to  the  captain,  who  com- 


1.  In  four 
ranks  doub- 

\ le  files. 

2.  Maecii. 


mands 

The  files  double  as 
when  the  company  faces 
from  front  to  flank.  I 

Before  all  these  changes  in  the  depth  of  the 
files,  the  company  is  to  be  brought  to  the  cadenced 
step  with  arms  shouldered  or  supported.  After 
them,  the  instructor  causes  the  route  step  to  be 
resumed. 

In  the  route  step  the  arms  are  carried  at  will., 
muzzles  always  upward.  At  the  command.  Halt, 
the  rear  rank  closes  to  thirteen  inches,  and  the 
company  shoulders  arms. 


Countermarcli. 

The  company  being  right  in  front,  and  at  a halt,, 
the  instructor  com-i 

mands 1.  Counter- 

% march. 

2.  Company 
^ Face. 

The  company  faces, 
the  guides'  face  about,  . 
the  captain  goes  to  the 
right,  breaks  two  files 
to  the  rear,  and  places 


COUNTERMARCH. 


St 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

□ ^ E Q 9 ^ 


ch  o>  0]  a m □ 

Lj_J_i  ! I 1 [ L ill  I 1.  1 1 .1  1 l~n 


himself  on  the  -left  of 
the  first  man  of  the 
front  rank  to  conduct 
him 


3.  By  file  left. 

4.  March. 


The  company  wheels 
by  file  around  the  right 
guide,  marches  parallel 
to  the  guides;  at  four 
paces  from  the  left 
guide  the  captain  com- 
mands  *. 

when  directly  in  rear 
and  two  paces  behind 


1.  Company. 


88  TO  FORM  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON  INTO  LINE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instkitctor. 

OP 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

the  left  guide 

2.  Halt. 

The  captain  steps 

3.  Front. 

two  paces  outside  of 

the  left  guide,  and  com- 
mands  

4.  Eighth 
Dress. 

The  company  align- 

ed, the  captain  adds. . . 
and  takes  his  post  op- 
posite the  centre.  The 
guides  exchange  places, 
passing  rapidly  along 
the  front. 

Front. 

With  the  left  in  front,  the  means  and  commands 
are  inverse,  the  subdivisions  of  an  open  column 
right  in  front,  countermarching  by  the  right  flank, 
and  left  in  front  by  the  left  flank.  Platoons  may 
be  countermarched  on  the  same  principle. 

To  form  column  by  platoon  on  the  right  or  left 
into  line. 


The  column  of  platoons  being  right  in  front  and 
in  march,  the  instructor 

commands 1.  On  the  right 

into  line. 

The  guides  'shift  to^'  GuidtrigU. 
the  right  flank. 

The  instructor  throws 
himself  to  the  front  on 
the  right  of  the  guides 


90  TO  FORM  COLUMN  BY  PLATOON  INTO  LINE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

1 OF 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

ten  paces,  at  least,  and 
faced  toward  the  point 
of  direction  to  the  left. 

The  first  platoon  ar- 
rived nearly  opposite  to 
the  instructor,  its  chief 
commands 

1.  Right  Uirn, 

2.  March. 

and  when  exactly  oppo- 
site   

The  platoon  turns^ 
and  the  guide  so  con- 
ducts it  as  to  bring  its 
right  file  opposite  to 
the  instructor.  When 
near  him  the  chief  of 
platoon  commands  . . . 

1.  Platoon. 

2.  Halt. 

and  when  but  three 
pao^^  from  him  adds . . 

The  l^e  places  him- 
self opposite  one  of  the 
three  left  files,  faces 
the  instructor  and  is 
aligned  by  him.  , The 
chief  goes  to  the  right 
and  commands 

Right — Dress. 

The  men  dress  up,  the 
files  opposite  the  in- 
structor and  guide 
touching  their  elbows 
with  the  breast. 

TO  FORM  COI^UMN  BY  PLATOON  INTO  LINE.  91 


Commands 

Exlanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  second  platoon  con- 
tinues to  march  tilfi  it 
is  opposite  the  left  of 
the  first,  when  it  is 
marched  upon  the  line 

\ 

by  the  same  commands, 
its  guide  directing  him- 
self upon  the  left  file 
of  the  first.  At  the 
command,  its  guide 

places  himself  opposite 
one  of  its  then  left  files 
and  is  aligned  by  the 
instructor,  when  its 

chief  commands 

and  retires  by  the  left, 
as  a file  closer.  The 
second  platoon  aligned, 

the  captain  commands 

Front. 

and  the  instructor .... 

Oiddes.,  Posts. 

at  which  the  guides 
take  their  posts  in  line. 

. 

With  the  left  in  front  the  column  is  formed  on 
the  left  into  line,  by  the  change  of  the  command 
to:  1.  On  the  left  into  line.  2.  Guide  left.  The 
chief  of  the  second  platoon  aligns  it  to  the  left,  its 
left  front-rank  man  touching  the  instructor’s  right 
elbow,-  and  retires  as  file-closer  so  soon  as  the  first 
platoon  arrives.  The  captain  having  halted  his 
platoon  aligns  it  from  the  left  flank  of  the  com- 


92  FORMATION  FROM  ONE  RANK  INTO  TWO  RANKS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  I OF 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

pany,  on  its  right  guide,  and  at  the  command 
Guides — Posts,  the  guides  retire,  and  the  captain 
takes  his  post  on  the  right. 

Formation  of  the  company  from  one  rank  into  two 
ranks,  and  reciprocally,  and  from  two  ranks 
into  four,  and  reciprocally. 


Under  the  head  of  the  route  step^  the  change  in 
the  depth  of  the  files,  has  been  shown  when  the 
company  is  in  march  by  the  flank.  Those  that  can 
be  executed  from  a halt^  and  when  in  march  by 
the  fronts  here  follow. 

The  company  being  at  a halt,  faced  to  the  front, 
and  in  one  rank,  the 
instructor  commands. . l.  In  two  ranks, 
form  com- 
pany. 

2.  Company 
right — Face. 


The  company  faces, 
except  the  right  guide, 
and  the  man  next  to 

him 

The  men  who  had 
faced,  step  off  together, 
the  leading  man  by  a 
step  to  the  right  and 
rear,  places  himself  to 
cover  the  man  on  the 
right  who  did  not  face, 


3.  March. 


FORMATION  FROM  ONE  RANK  INTO  TWO  RANKS.  93 


Expla^’Ations. 


Commands 


OP 

Instructor. 


OP 

Capt.  or  Lt. 


forming  thus  the  first 
file ; the  next  following 
man  closes  up  to  the 
front-rank  man  of  this 
file,  and  faces  to  the 
front,  covered  at  once 
by  the  fourth  man,  and 
so  on  to  the  left.  The 
steps  to  the  rear  must 
be  taken  in  the  time  of 
an  ordinary  step,  and 
the  men  who  close  must 
face  to  the  front  in  halt- 
ing, or  the  following 
men  will  be  delayed. 

The  company,  formed  as  above  in  two  ranks, 
to  form  it  into  one 
rank,  the  instructor 

commands 

The  right  guide  faces 
to  the  right. 


1.  Tn  one  rank^ 
form  com- 
pany. 


The  guide  and  first 
file  step  off  together, 
the  guide  directing  him- 
self on  the  prolongation 
of  the  front  rank,  the 
front-rank  man  of  the 
first  file  facing  to  the 
right  in  taking  the  first 


2.  March. 


94  FORMATION  FROM  ONE  RANK  INTO  TWO  RANKS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

j ■ OF 

1 Capt.  or  Lt. 

step ; the  rear-rank 
man,  turning  at  the 
same  point,  follows 
him : the  front-rank 

man  of  the  second  file 
steps,  in  turning,  im- 
mediately after  the  rear 
man  of  the  first,  fol- 
lowed by  his  rear-rank 
man,  and  so  successive- 
ly to  the  left.  The  cap- 
tain superintends  the 
filing  of  the  company, 
and  when  finished,  com- 

mands   

1.  Halt. 

2.  Front. 

The  file-closers  ex- 
tend  their  rank,  with 
that  of  the  company.*! 

Both  the  foregoing  formations  may  be  executed 
by  the  left  of  the  company.  The  company  must 
be  first  faced  about,  the  guides  placed  in  the  rear- 
rank,  and,  the  formation  finished,  faced  again  to 
its  proper  front.  The  commands  are  the  same  in 
both  cases,  f 


♦ It  would  seem  to  be  simpler  to  face  the  company  by 
the  flank,  first,  and  then  let  the  rear-rank  step  into  their, 
intervals  successively. 

t So  prescribed,  but  the  objection  is,  that  if  there  were 
an  odd  man  he  would  be  formed  on  the  right  of  the  com- 
pany. 


FR03I  TWO  RAXKS  INTO  FOUR  RANKS.  95 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OP 

Instructor.  | Capt.  or  Lt. 

The  company  being  in  two  ranks,  at  a halt,  and 
faced  to  the  front,  to  form  it  into  four  ranks,  the 


instructor  commands . . 


In  four 
ranks^  f6rm\ 
company. 

2.  Company 
Face, 


The  left  guide  stands 
fast.  The  company 
faces  to  the  left  and 
doubles. 

3.  March. 

The  left  file  faces  to 
the  front,  the  others 
step ‘Off  together,  each 
closes  to  within  five 
inches  of  the  one  that 
precedes  it,  they  halt 
successively,  and  face 
to  the  front  (doubled). 

The  file-closers  contract 
their  rank  to  coiTes^ 
pond  with  the  com- 
pany. The  captain  su- 
pervises the  movement. 

The  company  formed  in  four  ranks,  the  instruc- 
tor forms  it  again  into  tw^o  ranks  by  the  com- 
mand  l.In  two  ranks., 

form  com- 
pany. 

2.  Company 
right — Face. 


96 


THE  COMPANY  IN  TWO  EANKS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  0^  Lt. 

The  left  guide  stands 
fast,  the  company  faces. 

The  right  guide  steps 
off,  and  the  right  file  of 
fours,  the  second  file 
follows  so  soon  as  the 
first  has  taken  its  dis- 
tance, and  so  on  to  the 
left,  when  the  instruc- 

3. March. 

tor  commands 

The  company  un- 
doubles files. 

1.  Compo/ny. 

2.  Halt. 

3.  Front. 

The  company  in  two  ranks  being  in  march  by 
the  front,  and  right  in  front. 


The  instructor  com- 


mands 


The  left  guide  and 
left  file  continue  the 


1.  In  four 
ranks^  form 
company. 

2.  By  the  left., 
double  files. 

3.  Makch. 


march  to  the  front. 


The  other  files  half  face 


to  the  left  and  double, 
the  step  is  lengthened 


THE  COMPANY  IN  TWO  BANKS. 


97 


Commands 

Explan  jUTions. 

OF 

Instructor. 

OF 

Capt.  or  Lt. 

SO  as  to  keep  on  the 
alignment  of  the  guide, 
toward  whom  the  ob- 
liquing files  close,  and 
each  faces  to  the  front, 
so  soon  as  the  interval 
on  its  left  is  closed  up, 
and  resumes  the  direct 
step.  The  rear-rank 
men  shorten  the  first 
steps  to  permit  the  odd 
numbers  to  enter  the  file. 

The  company  so  formed  in  four  ranks,  to  form 
it,  in  the  march  by  the  front,  into  two  ranks,  the 


instructor  commands 


The  left  guide  and  file 
continue  the  march. 
The  other  files  oblique 
to  the  right,  lengthen- 
ing the  step  in  order  to 
keep  in  line  with  the 
guide,  when  the  second 
file  from  the  left  has 
taken  sufficient  distaime 
to  permit  the  left  nle 
to  come  into  line,  the 
second,  half  facing, 
9 


\.Jn  two  ranks^ 
form  com- 
pany. 

2.  By  the  right., 
undouhle files. 
5.  March. 


98 


THE  COMPANY  IN  TWO  RANKS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  I OF 

Instiiuctor.  I Capt.  or  Lt. 

resumes  the  direct  march,  and  the  left  file  un- 
doubles into  line,  and  so  successively  of  all  the 
other  files,  each  forming  into  two  ranks,  as  soon  as 
that  next  to  it  resumes  the  direct  step. 

^The  last  two  movements  (as  seen  above),’ are 
made  either  /rom,  or  toward^  the  guide,  (;onse- 
quently,  with  the  left  in  front,  the  commands  and 
means  are  inverse,  left  being  substituted  for  right 

The  last  four  movements  may  be  executed  in 
the  double-quick. 

The  oblique  march  is  confined  to  the  march  by 
the  fron%  and  the  Tactics  do  not  direct  it  to  be 
ever  begun  from  a halt 

All  the  marches  (except  the  backward  march) 
of  the  thirds  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  lessons,  may 
be  executed  in  the  double-quick  step,  to  effect  which 
the  cautionary  command  Double-quick  precedes  the 
command  March. 

In  the  double-quick  step  ihe  pieces  are  to  be 
carried  either  at  the  Right  shoulder  shifty  or  at  a 
Trail.  In  the  latter  case,  the  commanl  to  trail 
arms,  precedes  the  command  Double-quick^ 
March.  In  the  former  the  men  shift  the  pieces 
to  the  right  shoulder,  at  the  command  Double- 
quick. 

In  wheeling,  if  in  the  qidck  time  the  pivot 
flank  takes  steps  of  nine  inches,  if  in  double-quick^ 
of  eleven  (about  a third  of  the  step  , at  the  march- 
ing flank  in  both  cases). 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


99 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

ARTICLE  I. 


Deployments. 


By  skirmishers  is  meant  light  troops  deployed 
n extended  order,  having  intervals  between  their 
;p:oups,  files,  or  individual  soldiers. 

A company  may  be  deployed  either  forward^ 
that  is,  on  a line  in  advance  of  the  one  it  occupies, 
or,  by  the  fiank,  that  is,  on  the  very  line  it  occu- 
pies. 

To  deploy  forward. 


The  deployment  forward  is  made  on  some  desig- 
nated file^  which  moves  directly  forward,  in  the 
step  indicated  in  the  command,  while  the  other 
files  separate  from  it  by  oblique  lines  and  in  quicker 
time. 

The  platoons  and  sections  are  to  be  carefully 
marked,  and  the  captain  will  see  that  the  centre 
files  of  each  are  designated.  (The  last  has  refer- 
ence to  the  rallying  by  platoon  or  section.) 

The  company  being  in  line,  at  a halt  or  in  march, 
to  deploy  the  first  platoon  on  its  left  file,  l^olding 
in  reserve  the  second  platoon,  the  captain  com- 


mands. . 


X.Flrst  platoon 
as  skirmish- 
ers. 

On  the  left Jile 
take  internals. 


^ IQBSSSl'^I|;!IQ|l^lQQQ^iI!l^9l!IlelSISItiSaiIa(!UI 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


101 


Commands 


Explanations. 


OF 

Captain. 


OP 

Lieutenant. 


The  first  lieutenant 
places  himself  in  front 
of  the  second  platoon, 
and  if  the  company  is 
in  m^ch,  commands . . 
If  the  company  is  at  a 
halt,  the  lieutenant  com- 
mands   

The  second  platoon 
marches  backward 
three  paces,  of  twenty- 
eight  inches,  its  chief 
halts  it,  the  second  ser- 
geant places  himself  on 
its  left,  the  third  on  its 
right. 

At  the  first  command 
of  the  captain  the  sec- 
ond lieutenant  places 
himself  two  paces  be- 
hind the  centre  of  the 
first  section,  the  third 
lieutenant  two  paces 
behind  the  centre  of  the 
second  section,  the  fifth 
sergeant  one  pace  be- 
fore the  centre  of  the 
first  platoon,  and  the 
fourth  sergeant  on  its 


/Second  pla- 
toon— Halt. 


/Second  pla- 
toon back- 
ward— 
Maech, 


left. 


9* 


102 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


Explanations. 


Commands 


OF 

Captain. 


Lieutenant. 


The  captain  then 
adds 


March  (or 
DouhU-quick 
— March). 

The  left  group  of 
fours  conducted  by  the 
fourth  sergeant  moves 
directly  forward.  The 
other  groups  extend 
out  to  its  right,  on  lines 
more  and  more  diago- 
nal, moving  in  quicker 
time,  and  as  they  successively  place  an  interval  of 
twenty  paces  between  themselves  and  the  group 
nearest  them  on  their  left,  they  turn  to  the  front 
and  march  in  line  with  the  left  group,  preserving 
the  intervals.  The  left  guide  having  reached  the 
point  where  the  left  of  the  line  of  skirmishers  is 
to  rest,  the  captain  com- 
mands  Skirmishers — 

Halt.  Halt. 

The  groups  not  yet  in 
line  continue  the  march 
till  they  arrive  on  it. 

All  the  groups  deploy, 
when  on  the  line,  into 
single  rank,  each 
group  upon  its  even- 
numbered  front-rank 
man,  who  stands  fast. 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


103 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

his  rear-rank  man  forms 
on  his  left  five  paces 
distant,  the  odd-num- 
bered man  of  the  front 
rank  extends  to  his 
right  ten  paces,  and  the 
rear  man  of  the  odd 
file  is  between  these 
two,  five  paces  from 

each.  Thus  when  the  interval  between  the  groups 
is  twenty  paces,  the  habitual  distance  between  the 
men  of  a group  being  five,  the  whole  line  in  one 
extended  rank  is  formed  by  skirmishers  placed  at 
equal  intervals  of  five  paces. 

The  line  thus  formed,  the  sergeants  fall  back  ten 
paces,  each  in  rear  of  their  former  posts  in  line. 

Each  chief  of  section,  after  rectifying  the  line, 
falls  back  twenty-five  or  thirty  paces  in  rear  of 
the  centre  of  his  section ; with  each  of  these  offi- 
cers is  a group  taken  from  the  reserve,  and  a 
bugler,  who  is  to  repeat  the  signals  of  the  captain’s 
bugler. 

If  fired  upon,  during  the  deploying,  the  captain 
may  deploy  the  groups  as  they  successively  gain 
their  proper  distances  (from  the  group  next  on  their 
left). 

The  captain  is  eighty  paces  in  rear  of  the  centre 
of  the  line,  having  with  him  a group  of  four  and 
a bugler.  (The  groups  with  the  captain  and 
lieutenants  are  deployed  like  those  in  line.) 


104 


TO  DEPLOY  FORWARD. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  deployment  the  first 
lieutenant  faces  about  the  second  platoon,  and 
marches  it  to  a point  one  hundred  and  fifty  paces 
in  rear  of  the  centre  of  the  fine,  holding  it  at  that  ‘ 
distance  as  the  reserve. 

Where  no  reserve  is  required,  the  entire  com- 
pany can  be  deployed  on  the  same  principle.  In 
this  case  the  first  lieutenant  commands  the  second 
platoon,  the  second  the  first,  and  the  fourth  and 
second  sections  are  commanded  by  the  next  in 
rank.  The  fifth  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the 
centre.  The  lieutenants  each  have  h bugler  (but 
not  a group)  with  them. 

The  forward  deployment  may  be  made  on  any 
file  of  the  platoon  or  company.  If  the  right  file 
be  selected  as  the  directing  one,  the  others  incline 
diagonally  and  extend  to  the  left.  If  an  interior 
file  is  the  directing  one,  the  groups  diverge  from 
it  to  the  right  and  left,  and  it  is  conducted  on  its 
right  by  th,e  fifth  sergeant.  For  example,  the 
captain  wishing  to  deploy  on  the  centre  file,  com- 


mands. 


The  fifth  sergeant 
places  himself  in  front 
to  conduct  the  right 


Company  (or 
First  pla- 
toon) as  skir- 
mishe/rs.  On 
the  centre  file 
take  inter- 
vals. 


TO  DEPLOY  BY  THE  FLANK. 


105 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

group  of  fours  of  the 
second  platoon  (or  of 
the  second  section). 

To  deploy  by  the  flank. 


This  deployment  can  be  made  only  from  a halt. 


The  captain  commands. 


1.  Second  pla- 
toon, as  skir- 
mishers. 


The  first  lieutenant 
places  himself  two 
paces  behind  the  centre 
of  the  third  section, 
the  third  lieutenant  be- 
hind the  fourth.  The 
second  lieutenant  com- 
mands and  marches  the 
.first  platoon  as  prescri- 
bed for  the  reserve  in 
the  forward  deploy- 
ment. The  fifth  ser- 
geant in  front  of  the 
centre  of  the  deploy- 
ing jiTatoon,  the  third 
sergeant  at  its  right, 
and  second  at  its  left. 
The  first  and  fourth 


jqToJ  <fj?»  ! j dToXf 


* i^QDlQtiDQIlQIilillllQICIQIllIIlDESIBCDlIIl  I2III8I!!I  QQbQCS  QIEflQC 


Bgi 

HUbb 


9BBB 


TO  DEPLOY  BY  THE  FLANH. 


101 


Commands 


Explanations. 


OF 

Captain. 


OF 

Lieutenant. 


pergeants  as  guides  of 


the  reserve 


2.  By  the  right 
flank^tahein- 
tervals. 


The  first  and  third 


heutenants  take  post 
two  paces  behind  the 
left  group  of  their  sec- 
tions  


3.  March  (or 
double-quick 
March). 


The  left  group  stands 
fast,  the  others  face  to 
the  right  and  move  off, 
halt  in  succession  as 
each  attains  the  dis- 
tance of  twenty  paces 
from  the  group  in  its 
rear,  face  to  the  front 
and,  deploy  by  groups, 
as  in  the  forward  de- 
ployment. The  third 
sergeant  on  its  left,  con- 
ducts the  right  group. 
Chiefs  of  sections  fol- 
low up  the  movement, 
keeping  near  and  super- 
vising the  groups  as 
they  halt.  The  deploy- 
ment ended,  officers  and 


i08 


TO  DEPLOY  BY  THE  FLANK.- 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Captain. 

OP 

Lieutenant. 

sergeants  take  the  posts 
prescribed  in  the  for- 
ward deployment.  The 
first  platoon,  as  a re- 
serve, likewise  taking 
its  position  similarly. 

If  the  extension  is  to  be  made  by  the  left  flanh^ 
the  command  is  given  accordingly,  the  principle  is 
the  same. 

To  deploy  by  both  flanks  the  captain  will  com- 


mand. 


All  the  dispositions 
are  made  as  in  the  last 
deployment 


1.  Second  pla- 
toon^ as  skir- 
mishers. 


2.  By  the  right 
and  left 
flanks.,  take 
intervals. 


The  first  lieutenant 
behind  the  left  group 
of  the  third  section,Jhe 
third  lieutenant  behind 
the  right  group  of  the 
fourth  section 3. 


Makoh  (or 
double-g'wick 
March). 


The  two  sections  (ex- 
cept the  right  group  of 
the  fourth  section  which 
stands  fast)  face  out- 


TO  EXTEND  AND  TO  CLOSE  INTERVALS.  109 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

ward,  and  march  off  in 
opposite  directions.  As 
soon  as  there  is  the  in- 
terval of  twenty  paces, 
the  group  that  stood 
fast  deploys,  the  others 
deploying  successively 
as  they  attain  their 
distances.  The  tliird 
sergeant  conducts,  on 
its  left,  the  right  file, 
the  second  sergeant  the 
left. 

On  the  same  principle  the  deployment  may  be 
made  in  any  interior  group,  the  fifth  sergeant 
being  placed  before  it  to  indicate  the  point.  The 
whole  company  may  be  deployed,  like  the  platoon. 

The  foregoing  movements  complete  the  deploy- 
ments. 

- To  extend  and  to  clotse  intervals. 

The  intervals  here  referred  to  are  those  that 
separate  the  groups  (twenty  paces)  and  not  those 
between  the  men  (five  paces).  The  principle  is 
precisely  that  of  the  deployments,  being  either 
forward  or  hy  the  flank. 

The  line  of  skirmishers  being  already  formed, 
the  captain  wishing  to  separate  the  groups  still 
further,  and  toward  the  left^  upon  the  same  line 
of  battle,  will  command  : 

10 


no  TO  EXTEND  AND  TO  CLOSE  INTERVALS. 


• 

Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

1,  By  the  left  flank  {so  many  paces)  extend  inter- 
vals. 2.  March  (or  douUe-quick  March.) 

At  the  word  of  execution,  the  right  group  halts, 
or  if  already  halted  it  stands  fast,  the  others  face 
to  the  left,  take  the  new  distance  prescribed,  then 
halt,  facing  to  the  front.  The  distance  is  reckoned 
from  the  nearest  man  of  one  group  to  the  nearest 
of  the  neighboring  group.  Officers  and  sergeants 
supervise,  lead,  and  finally  post  themselves,  as  in 
deployments  by  the  flank.  And,  as  in  those  de- 
ployments, the  extension  may  be  made  by  either, 
or  by  both  flanks,  upon  any  designated  group. 
The  principle  is  the  same.  If  made  on  an  interior 
group,  the  fifth  sergeant*  makes  it. 

If  it  be  intended  to  make  the  extension  of  inter- 
vals, on  a line  in  advance  of  the  existing  line  of 
skirmishers,  the  company  (or  platoon  being  either 
at  a halt,  or  in  march). 


the  captain  will  com- 
mand. 


1.  On  the  left  {right.,  or  centre) 

group  ( paces)  extend 

intervals.  2.  March  {or 

double-quick — March). 


The  directing  group 
conducted  by  the  guide, 
marches  directly  for- 
ward, the  others  ex- 


♦ The  organization  not  providing  a fifth  sergeant,  com- 
manders of  skirmishing  companies  will  find  it  necessary 
to  advance  a corporal  to  the  place  of  Lance  sergeant. 


112 


TO  CLOSE  INTERVALS. 


Explanations. 

Commands 

OF  1 

Captain.  | 

OF 

1 Lieutenant. 

tend  out  from  it,  at  a 
quicker  step,  gain  the 
increased  distance,  and 
then  move  forward  in 
line  with  the  directing 
group. 

To  close  intervals. 


This  movement  is  performed  on  the  reverse 
principle  of  the  extension.  If  the  groups  are  to 
close  by  a flank  movement,  that  is  upon  the  exist- 
ing line  of  haUle,  the 


captain  will  command. 

The  right  (or  left) 
group  standing  fast, 
the  others  face  to  the 
designated  flank,  take 
the  new  distance,  halt 
successively,  and  facing 
to  the  front. 

If  the  closing 
to  be  made  on  an  inte- 
rior group,  the  fifth 
sergeant  marks  it,  as  in 
the  deployment,  when 
the  captain  commands 


1.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank 
(—  paces)  close  internals, 

2.  March,  (or  double-quick — 
March.) 


1.  By  the  right  and  leftfanks 
( — paces)  close  internals^  dtc. 


10* 


114  TO  SUPPORT  AND  TO  RELIEVE  SKIRMISHERS. 


Explanations. 

Commands 

OF  1 

Captain.  | 

OF 

4.IEIJTENANT. 

The  groups,  except 
the  one  designated  face 
inward,  close  upon  the 
former,  to  the  prescri- 
bed distance,  ha^t,  fa- 
cing to  the  front. 

If  the  closing  is  not  to  be  made  upon  the  exist- 
ing line  of  skirmishers,  but  in  advance  of  thaf^ 
line,  the  captain  com- 
mands  1.  On  the  left  {right  or  cenf/re) 

group  {ho  many  paces)  clone 

The  directing  group 
conducted  by  the  guide, 
moves  directly  forward, 
the  others  inclining 
diagonally  toward  it, 
till  the  prescribed  dis- 
tance is  attained,  then 
moving  directly  to  the 
front,  ^ dressing  on  the 
directing  group. 

The  extension  and  the  close  may  be  made  upon 
any  group — either  by  a flank  or  a forward  move- 
ment, whether  the  skirmishers  are  faced  to  the 
front  or  the  rear,  in  march,  or  at  a halt. 

To  support  and  to  relieve  skirmishers. 

When  the  same  extent  of  front  is  to  be  occupied 
by  two  companies,  that  had  been  held  by  one,  the 


TO  SUPPORT  AND  TO  RELIEVE  SKIRMISHERS.  115 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

supporting  company  deploys  so  as  to  be  extended 
at  twenty  paces  in  rear  of  tbe  right  or  left  half  of 
the  line,  and  the  new  company  moves  upon  the 
line,  successively,  as  the  groups  of  the  old  com- 
pany, in  closing,  unmask  it.  (So  that  the  whole 
front  may  remain  continuous  and  unbroken.)  The 
reserves  of  the  two  companies,  in  the  rear,  unite. 

If  the  line  has  been  occupied  by  two  companies, 
and  one  of  them  is  now  to  hold  the  same  front, 
that  the  two  had  held,  when  it  extends  for  that 
purpose,  the  company  that  retires  will  fall  to  the 
rear,  by  successive  files,  as  they  are  replaced  by 
the  extension. 

When  a company  is  to  be  relieved,  the  cap- 
tain will  be  informed,  who  will  immediately  inform 
the  chiefs  of  platoons.  The  relieving  company 
deploys  forward,  halting  at  twenty  paces  in  rear 
of  the  line.  Its  captain  then  marches  it  rapidly  a 
few  paces  beyond  .the  former  line  and  halts  it. 
The  old  line  assembles  on  the  reserve — ^but  not 
forming  into  groups  until  beyond  the  enemy’s  fire. 

If  the  line  to  be  relieved  is  in  retreat,  the  reliev- 
ing line  deploys  by  the  flank — and  the  old  line 
passing  through  the  intervals,  forms  on  the 
reserve. 

The  general  rule  of  light  infantry,  is  to  hold  one 
half  the  force  in  reserve.  But,  at  need,  the  re- 
serve may  be  deployed  as  a supporting,  or  as  a 
plieving  line.  Both  platoons  should  be  exercised 
in  these  two  movements. 


116 


TO  ADVANCE  THE  LINE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

ARTICLE  II. 

The  movement  of  deployed  lines. 

Deployed  lines  may  move  directly  to  the  front 
or  rear,  by  either  flank ; may  file  and  wheel. 

They  may  fire  at  a halt  or  while  in  motion,  ex- 
cept during  the  wheel. 


To  advance  the  line. 


I 

The  captain  com- 
mands   

The  right,  left,  and 
centre  guides  throw 
themselves  on  the  line, 
at  its  right,  left,  and 
centre /. 


\ 

1.  Forward. 


2.  March  (or 
dou?)le-quick 
— March). 


March. 


The  skirmishers  step 
off,  the  guide  is  always 
at  the  centre,  unless 
the  command  has  been 
given  Guide  right  (or 
left).  Chiefs  of  platoon 
(or  section)  keep  their 
places  in  rear. 

At  the  command .... 

Chiefs  of  platoons  (or 


Halt. 


Halt. 


TO  ADTANCE  THE  LINE. 


117 


Commands 


Explanations. 


OF  j OF 

Captain.  ! Lieutenant. 


sections)  promptly  rec- 
tify the  line,  and  they 
and  the  guides  fall  back 
to  their  posts  in  rear. 

In  all  the  movements  of  the  line  of  skirmishers 
the  guides  are  on  the  line,  except  when  the  firings 
take  place.  In  the  firings,  the  guides  are  in  rear. 

The  line  being  in  march  to  the  front,  or  at  a 
halt,  the  captain  com-i 
mands 1.  In  retreat. 

The  guides  throw  | 
themselves  in  the  line.  2.  March  (or 
double-quick 
— March). 


The  skirmishers  face 
about,  and  march  to  the 
rear,  dressing  on  the; 
centre.  | 

At  the  command. . . Halt.  Halt. 

The  line  faces  about 
in  halting,  chiefs  rectify 
it,  and  they  and  the 
guides  fall  to  the  rear. 

The  line  marching  to  the  front,  or  to  the  rear, 
or  being  at  a halt,  the 


captain  commands. . . . 

The  guides  on  the 
line 


1.  By  the  right 
(or  left)  flank 

2.  March  (or 
double-quick 
— March). 


March. 


118 


TO  ADVANCE  THE  LINE. 


ExplanationSw 


Commands 


OF 

Captain. 


Lieutenant. 


The  skirmishers  face 
to  the  designated  flank, 
and  march  off,  the  lead- 
ing man  conducted,  on 
the  side  toward  the 
enemy,  by  the  guide. 

At  the  command . . . 
The  hne  halts  facing  to 
the  enemy.  [This  rule 
is  invariable.]  Guides 
retire. 

Marching  by  the  flank- 


Halt. 


Halt. 


-or  at  a halt,  the  captain 


may  cause  the  skirmishers  to  change  directions  by 
the  commands,  1.  By  file  right  (or  left).  2.  March, 
in  the  one  case,  and  in  the  other,  by  the  command, 
1.  By  the  right  fiank  hy  file  left  (or  right).  2.  March 
— and  inversely. 

To  change  front  by  wheeling^  the  captain  com- 
mands   1.  Right  (or 

left)  wheel. 


The  guides  on  the 
line • 2. 


Makch  (or 
douhle-qiidck 
— March). 


The  guide  at  the 
marching  flank  takes 
the  full  step,  describing 
a circle,  the  guide  at 
the  centre  takes  a half 
step,  the  skirmishers 


TO  ADVANCE  THE  LINE. 


119 


1 Commands 

Explanations. 

1 OF 

1 Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

proportion  their  steps 
to  their  distances  from 
the  guide. 

When  the  wheel  is 
forward^to  cease  wheel- 
ing, the  command  is. . . 

1.  Forward. 

at  which  the  line  moves 

2.  Makch. 

March. 

directly  forward. 

If  the  wheel  was 
made  to  the  rear,  the 
march  is  resumed,  by 
the  command 

1.  In  retreat. 

March. 

At  this  the  line  ceases 

2.  March. 

to  wheel  and  marches 
to  the  rear. 

In  the  foregoing  cases,  at  the  command  Halt — 
the  line  halts,  facing  to  the  front,  if  the  wheel  was 
made  toward  the  rear. 


If  the  line  is  advancing,  or  at  a halt,  in  order  to 
throw  back  a flank  to  the  rear,  the  commands  are, 
I.  In  retreat.  2.  March,  followed  bj  I.  Right 
(or  left)  wheel — March. 

The  reserve  is  held  in  rear  of  the  centre,  and 
follows  the  movements  of  the  line.  At  the  com- 
mand Halt^  like  the  line,  it  faces  to  the  enemy, 
without  a further  command.  To  march  it  forward 
its  chief  commands,  I.  Platoon^  forward.  2.  Cruide 
left.  3.  March.  To  march  to  the  rear — I.  In 
retreat.  2.  March.  3.  Guide  right. 

Forward,  means  toward  the  enemy;  in  retreat 


120 


THE  FIRINGS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

means  to  retire,  and  right  and  left  flank  refer  to 
the  flank  which  is  then,  whatever  the  position,  at 
the  right  or  left.  Thus,  if  marching  by  a flank, 
the  command,  to  move  to  the  front  is,  1.  For- 
ward. 2.  March — ^to  move  to  the  rear,  1.  In  retreat 
2.  March. 


ARTICLE  IIL 
The  firings. 


Whether  the  fire  of  skirmishers  is  commenced 
from  a halt,  or  while  marching  to  the  front,  rear, 
or.  by  either  flank,  the 

Commence 
I ' firing. 

Cease  firing. 


Commence 

firing. 

Cease  firing. 


captain  commands .... 

To  stop  the  fire  the  ' 
captain  commands. i 

Both  these  commands 
are  promptly  repeated 
by  the  lieutenants  and 
servants. 

Being  at  a halt,  at  the  command  Commence  fir- 
ing the  front-rank  men  fire  (but  not  all  at  the  same 
time),  the  rear  rank  men  reserve  their  fire  till  their 
respective  front-rank  has  loaded — when  they  like- 
wise fire — the  ranks  alternating  thus  till  the  com- 
mand is  recalled. 


To  fire  marching  to  the  front. 

The  command  Commence  firing  is  given  and 
repeated.  The  front-rank  men  halt,  fire  and  re- 


TO  FIRE  MARCHING  BY  THE  FLANK.  121 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OP 

Captain. 

1 Lieutenant. 

load.  The  rear-rank  men  of  their  files  continue 
to  march,  halt  at  eight  or  ten  paces,  beyond  their 
front-rank  men,  and  fire  when  the  latter  have 
loaded.  The  fire  is  thus  alternated  between  the 
front  and  rear  rank  men.  If  the  command  halt  is 
given,  the  line  is  formed  forward,  on  the  advanced 
skirmishers. 

To  fire  marching  in  retreat. 

At  the  unvarying  command,  the  front-rank  men 
halt,  fire — and  throw  themselves  to  the  rear,  load- 
ing— the  rear-rank  men  marching  ten  or  twelve 
paces  beyond  the  former,  halt,  face  about,  and  fire, 
after  the  front-rank  men  have  passed  ten  or  twelve 
paces,  have  halted  and  reloaded.  The  fire  is  so 
continued.  If  halt  is  commanded,  the  line  forms 
on  the  skirmishers  who  are  in  rear. 

To  fire  marching  by  the  flank. 

If  the  command  is  given  when  marching  by  the 
right  flank,  the  front-rank  man,  of  each  file,  faces 
to  the  enemy,  steps  a pace  to  the  front  and  fires, 
while  his  rear-rank  man  marches  on.  Having 
fired,  the  front-rank  man,  loading  on  the  march, 
follows  the  rear-rank  man,  who  steps  out,  when 
the  other  has  loaded,  fires  and  follows  in  his  turn. 
The  files  must  not  intermix,  and  when  Cease  firing 
is  commanded,  the  front  and  rear  rank  man,  if  not 
in  their  original  places,  resume  them. 

11 


122  TO  FIRE  MARCHING  BY  THE  FLANK. 


* 

Commands 

, Explanations. 

OP  1 OF 

Captain.  | LiEuajENANT. 

If  the  march  be  by  the  left  flank,  it  is  the  men 
of  the  rear  rank  who  commence  the  fire.  The 
method  of  alternation  then  continues  as  before. 

If  the  fire  is  from  a halt,  and  the  command  is 
given,  1.  Forward — March,  the  men  whose  pieces 
are  loaded,  advance,  the  others  finish  loading,  and 
the  fire  proceeds  as  in  the  usual  fire  when  marching 
by  the  front.  If  the  skirmishers  are  firing  in 
march  by  the  flanh^  the  same  rule  is  observed — 
the  men  whose  pieces  are  loaded  stepping  out  to 
fire. 

On  the  contrary,  if  the  line  is  firing  from  a halt, 
whilst  advancing,  or  when  marching  by  a flank, 
and  the  command  is  given.  In  retreat — March,  the 
men  whose  pieces  are  loaded  remain^  in  line,  the 
others  throw  themselves  to  the  rear  loading,  and 
the  usual  fire  alternates  as  in  the  case  of  firing  in 
retreat. 

If  the  line  is  firing  advancing,  retiring,  or  at  a 
halt,  at  the  command.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank 
— March,  it  is  the  men  who  have  their  pieces 
loaded  that  step  out  toward  the  enemy  and  deliver 
the  fire,  their  fellows  of  the  same  file  continuing 
the  march. 

[The  purpose  of  all  these  arrangements  is,  ob- 
viously, to  oppose  the  enemy  with  the  loaded  and 
not  the  unloaded  pieces. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  principle  of  the  fir- 
ings is  based  upon  flles^  while  that  of  the  deploy- 
ments rests  upon  groups.l 


THE  RALLIES. 


123 


Explanations. 


Commands 


OF 


OF 


Captain.  LiEUTEiNANT. 


Bally  hy  fours.  Bally  l>y fours 


ARTICLE  lY. 

The  rallies, 

May  be  made  by  groups  of  fours,  by  sections, 
by  platoons,  or  on  the  reserve. 

Preparatory  to  rallying,  the  command,  or  signal, 
is  given  to  fix  bayonets. 

The  company  in  march,  or  at  a halt,  the  captain 

commands 

Officers  and  sergeants 
repeat  the  command. 

If  in  march,  the  line 
halts.  Each  group 
forms  a little  square 
of  four,  facing  outward 
on  the  even-numbered 
front-rank  man,  who 
takes  the  position  of 
guard  against  cavalry  ;* 
fdkQuig  forward^  his  rear- 
rank  man  forms  on  his 
left,  the  odd  front-rank 
on  his  right,  and  odd 
rear-rank  man  on  his 
rear.  The  right  feet 
of  the  men  (all  guard' 


* See  Bayonet  Fencing. 


TO  RALLY  BY  SECTIONS. 


125 


Explanations. 


\ 

ing  against  cavalry) 
form  a square.  They 
load  and  fire  without 
moving  the  feet.  The 
captain  and  lieutenants, 
with  their  buglers, 
place  themselves  with- 
in the  squares  formed 
by  their  groups,  the  ser- 
geants within  the  near- 
est groups  of  the  line. 

To  re-form  the  line 
the  captain  commands, 


Commands 


Captain. 


Deploy  as  skir- 
mishers. 


Lieutenant. 


... 

4 ^ 


which  is  executed  as 
in  the  deployments. 

Note.  The  rallies  are  all  made  at  the  ruUj 
which  is  two  hundred  steps,  of  thirty-three  inches, 
to  the  minute.  If  the  bayonets  have  not  been 
fixed,  the  skirmishers  fix  bayonets,  whilst  rallying. 

To  rally  by  sections. 

The  skirmishing  being  in  line,  the  captain  com- 


mands 


Chiefs  of  sections 
throw  themselves  into 
the  square,  formed  by 
one  of  the  interior  groups 
11* 


Bally  l>y 
tions. 


Bally  hy  sec- 
tions. 


m ml 


RALLY  BY  PLATOONS. 


12'7 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

they  may  select  for  the 
points  of  the  rally.  This 
group  throws  up  the 
points  of  its  bayonets, 
as  a sign  to  the  others, 
which  form  rapidly 
around  it,  filling  up  its 
angles,  and  ^ making  a 
circle  of  the  entire  sec- 
tion. The  men  as  they 
form,  come  to  a charge 
bayonets  (points  more 
elevated)  and  cock  their 
pieces.  The  two  outer 
ranks  fire  and  load 
without  moving  their 
feet. 

To  deploy  the  circles 
the  captain  commands, 

The  chiefs  dress  the 
sections  on  the  files 
that  are  facing  the  en- 
emy, the  men  taking 
their  numbered  places. 

Form  sections. 

Form  sections 

Eally  by  platoons. 

This  rally  is  made  on  the  same  principle  as  the 
last,  and  the  circle  is  deployed  in  the  same  way. 

In  both  the  foregoing  rallies,  the  reserve  also, 
if  threatened,  forms  a circle  around  its  chief. 


128 


RALLY  ON  THE  RESERVE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

Rally  on  tlie  reserve. 

At  this  command  the 
reserve  forms  half  of  a 
square,  by  throwing 
back  its  flank  half  sec- 
tions, the  men  come  to 
the  ready^  and  open 
their  fire  as  soon  as  the 
reserve  is  unmasked  by 
the  skirmishers.  The 
latter  form  into  groups 
upon  the  man  of  the 
group  who  is  nearest 
the  centre  of  the  sec- 
tion. The  groups  in-| 
dine  to  each  other  so 
as  to  form  into  sections ; 
these  are  so  directed 
by  their  chiefs,  to  the 
right  and  left,  as  to  un- 
mask the  reserve,  ar- 
rived at  which  they 
complete  the  square, 
and  join  in  its  fire, 
without  waiting  for  a 
command. 

If,  during  its  march  on  the  reserve,  the  chief  of 
section  command  Halt^  the  section  immediately 
forms  circle  around  the  officer. 


RALLY  ON  THE  RESERVE. 


129 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

1 OF 

Captain. 

1 Lieutenant. 

If  the  whole  company  is  deployed,  and  the  com- 
mand is  given  Rally  on  the  battalion^  the  skirmish- 
ers direct  themselves  toward  the  nearest  flank, 
and  having  passed  its  flle-closers,  form,  in  quick 
time  ten  paces  in  their  rear.  If  there  are  several 
platoons  so  formed  in  rear  of  the  battalion  wings, 
they  will  be  in  close  column,  or  at  half-distance. 

If  the  battalion  is  in  square,  the  rallying  skir- 
mishers enter  by  its  rear  angles,  and  form  close 
column  of  platoons  in  rear  of  its  first  front.  If 
the  battalion  is  in  column  to  form  square^  the  skir- 
mishers form  similarly  in  rear  of  the  centre  of  the 
third  division,  and  march  forward,  closing  on  the 
buglers,  at  the  command  Form  square — J^Iarch. 

If  the  square  is  formed,  and  cannot  be  safely 
opened,  the  skirmishers  will  throw  themselves  at 
the  feet  of  the  front  rank,  dropping  on  the  right 
knee,  butt  on  the  thigh,  and  bayonet  advanced. 
They  will,  in  the  same  way  occupy  the  sectors 
without  fire  (the  angles). 

Skirmishers  rallied  behind  the  wings  of  the  bat- 
talion, will  be  marched  by  the  flank,  through  the 
interval  (between  battalions)  when  they  are  again 
to  deploy  in  front  of  the  battalion.  In  the  case  of 
their  having  been  rallied  in  the  interior  of  a column 
or  square,  they  will  be  marched  out  by  the  flank 
and  deployed  again,  as  prescribed  for  the  deploy- 
ment of  platoons  at  half-distance. 


130  SKIRMISHERS  IiV  SQUARE  AND  COLUMN. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

Skirmisliers  in  square  and  column. 


The  skirmishers  having  rallied  on  the  reserve^ 
and  formed  square  under  the  immediate  direction 
of  the  captain,  he  will  hold  it  either  in  square,  or 
in  column  at  half  distance,  by  platoon. 

The  captain  com- 
mands  1.  Form  col- 


The  guides  place 
themselves  on  the  right 
and  left  of  the  platoons, 
those  of  the  second  at 
half  distance  from  the 
rear-rank  of  - the  first 
platoon,  the  platoons 
dress  on  their  centres, 
the  rear  platoon  facing 
about. 

To  form  square  again 
the  captain  commands, 


2.  Maech. 


1.  Form  square 

2.  March. 


If  in  march  the  col- 
umn halts,  the  platoon 
in  rear  faces  about, 
both  platoons  throw 
back  their  fiank  half 
sections,  forming  the 
square  as  at  first. 


SKIRMISHERS  IK  SQUARE  AND  COLUMN.  131 


Commands 


Explanations. 


OF 

Captain. 


OP 

Lieutenant. 


If  the  column  is  to 
march  in  advance,  the, 
captain  commands. . . . l.  Forwarcl. 


The  column  steps 
off  and  the  captain  adds, 

The  men  touch  to- 
ward the  guide. 

To  march  in  retreat . 


2.  March  (or 
double-quick 
— Marcu). 

3.  Guide  left 
(or  right). 


1.  In  retreat. 


The  company  faces  2.  March  (or 
- ' donhle-quic‘ 
-Marcu). 


about,  and  marches  in; 


the  opposite  direction.! 

The  captain  adding ...  '3.  Guide  right 
J {or  left). 

Th0  column  will  be  preserved ; if  it  is  to  move 
toward  either  flank,  this  will  be  done  by  wheeling, 
(not  by  turning,  or  by  the  flank  march). 

Being  in  column  the  first  platoon  may  be  de- 
ployed as  already  explained.  To  deploy  the  sec- 
ond, the  captain  com-1  1 

mands l.  Second  pla- 

toon as  skir- 

The  chief  of  the  first  ^^^^hers. 
platoon  cautions  it  to 
stand  fast,  chiefs  of 
sections  in  the  second 
place  themselves  be- 
fore their  centres.  The 


132  SKIRMISHERS  IN  SQUARE  AND  COLUMN. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

fifth  sergeant  a pace  in 
front  of  the  centre  of 
the  second  platoon 

2.  On  the  centre 
file. — take  in- 
tervals. 

The  chief  of  the 

Sectnon 

Chief  of  the  fourth 

face. 

Section  left 
face. 

The  captain  then  com- 
mands   

3.  March. 

The  sections  march 
off,  the  fifth  sergeant 
with  the  fourth  section. 
When  each  passes  the 
flank  of  the  first  pla- 
toon, its  chief  com- 
mands   • 

By  the  left 
flank — 
March  (or 
By  the  Hght 
flank — 
March). 

As  skirmish- 

and the  moment  the 
sections  are  on  the 
alignment  of  the  first 
platoon  both  chiefs  com- 
mand   

ers — March. 

The  groups  deploy- 
forward  on  the  fifth 

THE  ASSEMBLY. 


133 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OP 

Captain. 

OF 

Ltetttenant. 

sergeant,  who  conducts 
the  right  groun  of  the 
fourth  section.® 

•If  the  deployment  is  to  be  by  the  flank,  the  only 
difference  is  that  the  sections  pass  the  first  platoon 
several  paces,  are  then  halted,  and  deployed  by 
the  flank. 

The  assembly, 


Is  intended  simply  to  annul  the  deployment. 
While  the  rallies  are  always  made  at  the  run^  the 
assemblies  are  made  in  the  quick  step. 

The  line  being  deployed,  and  at  a halt,  the  cap- 
tain commands:  Assemble  by  the  right  (or  left) 
flank.  The  skirmishers  face  to  the  designated 
flank — close  toward  its  last  group,  which  is  form- 
ing itself,  the  other  groups  form  in  marching,  close 
up  successively,  face  to  the  front,  and  support  arms. 

To  assemble  by  both  flanks,  the  command  is 
varied  accordingly,  the  skirmishers  face  inward, 
and  close  upon  the  designated  group. 

To  assemble  while  marching  to  the  front,  the 
captain,  if  he  wish  the  formation  to  be  on  the  cen- 
tre, which  would  be 
the  shortest  way,  com- 
mands   


Assemble  on 
the  cent/re. 


The  centre  guide; 
marches  directly  on,i 
followed  by  the  direct- 1 
12 


134 


ASSEMBLE  ON  THE  RESERVE. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OP 

Lieutenant. 

ing  file  toward  which 
the  other  comrades  of 
that  group  incline.  The 

• 

men  of  the  other  groups 
form  into  groups  upon 
those  of  their  files 
nearest  the  directing 
file ; the  groups  being 
formed  incline  toward, 
and  successively  unite 
with,  the  centre  group, 
and  bring  their  pieces 
to  the  right  shoulder. 

The  step  of  the  in- 
clining files  and  groups 
is  necessarily  quickened. 

The 'assembly  may  be  made  on  the  right,  left  or 
any  other  file.  A guide  should  conduct  the  file. 
A line  marching  in  retreat,  is  assembled  on  the 
same  principle — the  front-rank  men  following  their 
rear-rank  men. 

Assemble  on  the  reserve. 

At  this  command  the  skirmishers  reform  the 
groups,  on  the  line,  the  groups  direct  themselves 
upon  the  reserve,  the  rear  rank  leading,  form 
themselves  upon  it  in  their  proper  places,  and 
faced  to  the  front.  The  company  joins  the  bat- 
talion. 


ilAXCEUVEES  OF  SKIRMISHERS. 


135 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF 

Captain. 

OF 

Lieutenant. 

Manoeuvres  of  Skirmishers, 

The  manoeuvi^  of  skirmishers  consist  in  great 
measure  of  the  movements  of  single  companies, 
but  the  same  principles  are  readily  applicable  to  a 
battalion. 

The  battalion  may  be  deployed  as  skirmishers, 
either  from  line  of  battle  or  from  close  column  of 
companies.  ^ 

The  colonel  designates  in  advance  the  companies 
that  are  to  constitute’ the  reserve,  under  the  major. 
They  are  taken  from  the  right  or  left  flank,  when 
the  battalion  is  in  line,  and  from  the  rear  when  it 
is  in  close  column. 

Each  company  (or  platoon)  covers,  when  de- 
ployed, a front  of  one  hundred  paces. 

Whether  the  deployment  is  made  from  line,  or 
from  column,  the  words  of  command  by  the  colo- 
nel are  the  same : the  words  of  command  of  the 
captains,  in  deploying  their  companies  (or  platoons) 
are  those  of  the  company  drill. 

For  thQ  movements  of  the  line  when  deployed — 
extending,  closing  intervals,  the  firings,  &c. — the 
colonel  applies  the  commands  of  the  company  drill, 
and  the  principle  of  the  execution  is  absolutely  the 
same. 

A battalion  of  eight  companies,  being  in  line  of 
battle,  to  hold  in  reserve  the  first,  second,  and  third 
companies,  and  to  deploy  forward  the  remaining 
five  on  the  right  of  the  sixth,  the  colonel  will  make 


136 


MANCEUVRES  OF  SKIRMISHERS. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  I OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

known  his  intention  to  the  heutenant-colonel,  ma- 
jor, and  adjutant — directing  the^ajor  to  take 
charge  of  the  reserve,  and  instru  *ng  the  lieuten- 
ant-colonel as  to  tlie  proposed  direction  of  the  line, 
and  as  to  the  point  where  the  right  of  the  sixth 
company  is  to  rest.  The  lieutenant-colonel  throws 
himself  eight  or  ten  paces  in  front  of  the  sixth  com- 
pany’s right,  the  adjutant  the  same  distance  in  front 
of  its  left,  the  major  in  front  of  the  intended  reserve. 

The  colonel  then  com- 


mands 


The  captain  of  the 


1.  First  (or 
second)  pla- 
toons^ as  skir- 
mishers. 

2.  On  the  right 
of  the  sixth 
company — 
take  intervals. 


sixth  company  prepares 
to  deploy  his  first  pla- 
toon on  its  right  file. 
The  captain  of  the  fifth 
to  deploy  his  first  pla- 
toon on  its  left  file. 
The  captain  of  the 
fourth  company  com- 
mands   

Captains  of  the  seventh 
and  eighth  companies. . 

The  colonel  adds .. . 


March  (or 
double-quick 
— March). 


Right  face. 

Left  face. 
i March. 


I 


4fl0^ 


138 


MANCEUVRES  OP  SKIRMISHERS. 


Explanations. 


Commands 


Captain. 


Lieutenant. 


The  platoons  of  the 
fifth  and  sixth  com- 
panies deploy  forward. 

The  fourth  company, 
marching  by  its  right 
flank,  halts  Mrhen  op- 
posite the  right  flank 
(dejjloyed)  of  the  fifth 
company,  faces  then  to 
the  front,  deploys  for- 
ward its  first  platoon  on 
the  left  file,  throwing 
its  reserve  to  the  rear. 

The  seventh  and 
eighth  companies  gain 
distance  to  the  left  flank 
in  the  same  manner, 
halt  successively,  and 
deploy  in  the  same 
manner  on  their  right 
files.  The  companies 
deployed  dress  on  the 
directing  company  (in 
this  instance  the  sixth). 

The  lieutenant-colonel  and  adjutant  follow  up 
the  deployment  on  the  right  and  left  respectively, 
and  afterward  place  themselves  in  rear  and  near 
the  colonel,  posted  two  hundred  paces  in  rear. 

The  major,  on  an  order  from  the  colonel,  will 
have  faced  about  and  marched  the  three  right 


MANCETJVRES  OF  SKIRMISHERS. 


139 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain,  | Lieutenant. 

companies  directly  to  the  rear  thirty  paces,  halted, 
ployed  into  column  at  half  distance,  and  afterwards 
he  will  have  marched  this  battalion  reserve  to  oc- 
cupy the  point  selected  for  it  by  the  colonel. 

The  company  reserves  are  posted  in  echelon^  . 
descending  from  the  right  to  the  left  (or,  it  may 
be,  from  left  to  right).  The  reserves  of  two  com- 
panies are  united,  to  form  a stj'onger  resistance  to 
cavalry.  In  the  present  instance,  the  several  re- 
serves are  posted — that  of  the  sixth  company,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  paces  in  rear  of  its  right : the. 
reserves  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  companies  in  rear 
of  the  centre  of  their  line  thirty  paces  in  advanc  e 
of  that  of  the  sixth,  and  the  reserve  of  the  seventh 
and  eighth  companies,  opposite  the  centre  of  their 
line,  thirty  paces  to  the  rear  of  the  reserve  of  the 
sixth  company.  Thus,  in  an  even  number  of  de- 
ployed companies,  the  reserves  would  be  half  the 
number  of  the  companies. 

The  battalion  being  in  line  of  battle  to  deploy 
the  companies  hy  the  flank,  instead  of  deploying 
them  forward — on  the  same  point  of  direction — that 
is,  on  the  right  of  the  sixth  company — the  colonel 
commands  as  before — the  captains  of  the  sixth  and 
fifth  companies  march  them  ten  or  twelve  paces 
forward,  by  the  commands : 1.  Forward.  2.  Guide 
RIGHT.  3.  March.  They  halt  their  companies  and 
deploy  them  by  the  flank — the  sixtli  by  the  left, 
the  ‘fifth  by  the  right  flank,  as  in  the  company 
drill — the  reserve,  if  platoons  are  deployed,  being 


140  DEPLOYMENT  OP  SKIRMISHERS  FROM  COLUMN. 


1 

1 Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

marched  to  the  rear.  The  other  companies  march 
by  the  flank — those  to  the  right  of  the  directing 
companies  by  the  right  flank,  the  others  by  the  . 
left — halt  when  their  distance  of  one  hundred^ 
paces  is  attained — move  forward  on  the  line,  and 
deploy  by  the  flank.  Each  will  wait  till  the  next 
platoon  toward  the  side  of  direction  shall  have 
finished  its  deployment. 

Deployment  of  Skirmishers  from  Colnnm. 

The  close  column  must  be  first  formed. 

Whether  this  deployment  be  made  forward  or 
by  the  flank,  the  directing  company  is  moved  for- 
ward ten  or  twelve  paces  in  advance  of  the  posi- 
tion just  occupied  by  the  head  of  the  column.  It 
is  then  deployed  as  commanded.  The  otb.cr  com- 
panies march  to  their  proper  distance,  to  the  right 
or  left  witli  respect  to  the  directing  company,  then 
deploy  individually,  as  before,  whether  forward  or 
by  the  flank.  (The  deployment  of  skirmishers 
from  column  is  the  combination  of  deploying  into 
line  of  battle  and  this  line’s  extension  into  skirmish- 
ing  order.) 

When  the  color  company  is  one  of  those  to  be 
deployed,  the  guard  remains  with  the  company, 
the  color  is  deta^ched  to  the  battalion  reserve. 

When  Assemble  on  the  battalion  is  sounded,  the 
companies  assemble  on  their  reserves,  and  then 
join  the  battalion  reserve,  taking  their  proper 
places  in  column. 


142 


RALLIES. 


Commands 

Explanations. 

OF  1 OF 

Captain.  | Lieutenant. 

Kallies. 

All  the  rallies  maj  be  performed  as  prescribed 
for  the  company. 

When  Rally  on  the  hattalion  is  sounded,  the 
skirmishers  unite  with  their  company  reserves  to 
form  square — the  reserve  throwing  back  its  flank 
sections,  and  the  skirmishers  continuing  the  for- 
mation, the  last  who  run  in  completing  the  rear 
front — facing  outward,  in  two  ranks,  and  without 
regard  to  height. 

These  squares  march  upon  the  battalion  reserve 
(forming  themselves  into  column)  as  soon  as  they 
are  able,  or  they  seize  any  advantageous  positions, 
in  the  interim. 

The  battalion  reserve,  if  threatened  by  cavalry, 
forms  square. 

The  colonel  disposes  the  battalion  reserve  to 
protect  the  rally. 

If  the  battalion  reserve  be  formed  in  square,  the 
other  reserves,  in  marching  upon  it,  will  take  the 
hne  of  its  diagonals  prolonged,  in  order  to  be  with- 
in its  sectors  without  fire. 

If  the  battalion  reserve  be  held  in  column,  the 
approaching  company  reserves  will  form  in  col- 
umn witli  it ; not,  as  in  assembling,  necessarily  in 
their  regular  order,  but  in  the  order  of  their  arri- 
val, without  regard  to  number,  next  in  rear  of 
companies  already  in  the  column. 


SUPPLEMENT 


Skirmishers  should  be  gradually  inured  to  the 
fatigue  of  the  double-quick  march,  at  the  fixed  rate 
of  165  steps  to  the  minute.  In  this  pr^actice,  it  is 
even  unsafe  to  continue  it  long  in  the  beginning. 
The  run  (_pas  de  course)^  of  two  hundred  steps-  tor 
the  minute,  should  next  be  performed.  Both  these 
steps  should  be  persistently  timed^  and  their  ca- 
dence well  established.  Without  attempting  here 
explanations  of  the  causes,  it  is  undeniable  that 
rhythmic  movements  are  performed  with  much 
less  of  exhaustion  to  the  human  frame,  than  un- 
regulated efforts,  and  especially  is  this  the  fact 
when  a consentaneous  action  of  masses  is  required. 

The  French  tactics  (and  their  translators)  err 
somewhat  in  saying  that  the  double-quick  step  dif- 
fers from  the  quick  step  only  in  its  greater  rate  of 
march.  In  the  walk^  however  fast,  there  is  no 
instant  during  which  both  the  feet  are  off*  the 
ground;  while  in  the  however  slowly  per- 
formed, there  is,  during  each  propulsion,  a percep- 
tible space  when  neither  foot  is  in  contact  with  the 
earth.  The  eye  detects  the  difference  easily.  The 
double-quick  {pas  gymnastique\  is  in  fact  a slow 
run  (or  irot\  and  there  probably  never  has  been  a 
time  when  this  pace  was  not  actually  used  in  war. 
The  step  should  be  taken  hghtly,  the  weight  falling 
on  the  ball  of  the  foot,  the  knees  somewhat  bent. 


SUPPI^EMENT. 


lU 

but  the  legs  flexible  (not  rigid),  while  the  trunk 
should  be  kept  as  steady  and  immovable  as  possi- 
ble. The  arms  should  be  contracted,  because  the 
bracing  of  the  arm,  shoulder,  and  pectoral  muscles 
conduces  to  the  strength  and  steadiness  of  the 
chest.  The  inspirations  should  be  made  quickly 
and  deeply,  and  the  expirations  very  slowly.  The 
body  more  and  more  leaned  forwavd  as  the  march 
is  prolonged.  To  be  able  to  sustain  the  exertion 
required,  the  step  must  be  practised  and  performed 
on  right  principles. 

It  is  quite  apparent  that  when  the  directing 
portion  of  a line  is  in  quick  time,  and  is  to  move 
over  a shorter  distance,  that  part  that  is  to  conform 
to  it,  and  to  traverse  a greater  distance,  must  move 
more  rapidly.  If,  therefore,  the  time  is  command- 
ed quick^  all  but  the  directing  fraction,  are  to  take 
double-quick  time ; and  if  double-quick  is  command- 
ed, these  latter  must  take  the  run.  Quick  time, 
then,  is  rather  the  exception  than  the  rule  in  the 
skirmishers’  drill. 

Skirmishers  are  to  carry  their  arms  substantially 
“ at  will,”  but  the  trail  (in  either  of  the  hands), 
has  such  advantages  as  these : it  allows  the  soldier 
to  drop  upon  the  ground  or  under  cover  readily; 
to  climb  a fence,  or  cross  a ditch  or  stream ; fix 
his  bayonet ; and  does  not  so  much  expose  him  to 
be  seen,  as  when  the  piece  is  carried  at  or  upcn 
the  shoulder. 

Skirmishers  must  know  how  to  take  advantage 
of  the  ground,  of  knolls,  trees,  rocks,  fences,  walls, 
Ac.  When  a group  gets  possession  of  such  cover, 
the  comrades  are  to  give  place  to  one  another  to 
fire  from  it.  The  passage  from  one  cover  to  an- 


SUPPLEMENT. 


145 


other  must  be  made  warily,  taking  care  to  load  } 
before  quitting  the  former  place. 

Skirmishers  are  to  be  exercised  in  loading  and 
tiring  while  kneeling,  sitting,  or  lying  on  the 
ground,  taking  care  that  in  loading  the  piece  is  held 
upright  (the  butt  may  be  tapped  on  the  ground), 
for  an  instant,  before  ramming. 

It  is  quite  important  that  practice  at  the  long 
ranges  be  made — the  efficiency  of  light  infantry 
depending  much  on  the  individual  fire — marks- 
manship is  a necessary  part  of  the  instruction. 

The  alternation  of  the  fire,  between  the  front  and 
rear  rank  men,  must  yield  to^  its  deliberation  and 
effectiveness,  as  the  precision  of  the  alignment 
must  not  interfere  with  the  cover  to  the  skirmish- 
ers afforded  by  the  circumstances  of  the  ground. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  will  see  that  the 
men  get  under  cover  when  practicable,  and  that 
they  do  not  fire  without  deliberate  aim — not  rap- 
idly but  with  effect.  It  is  more  than  ordinarily 
important  in  skirmishing,  to  husband  the  ammu- 
nition. ) 

It  has  been  seen  that  skirmishers  load  before 
they  advance,  and  in  retiring,  fall  back  immediately  '■ 

after  firing — to  leave  the  front  clear  and  ^to  avoid 

needless  exposure. 

• Should  skirmishers  be  dispersed^  by  an  over- 
sudden attack,  the  men  must  shift  for  themselves, 
take  trees,  get  up  banks,  behind  fences,  resort  to 
the  bayonet  fencing,  and  fire  at  any  opportunity. 

The  officers  must  get  together  a few  files,  and  en- 
deavor to  effect  a rally  upon  some  good  positions 
In  the  case  of  a detached  company,  it  is  advisable? 
to  provide  for  such  a casualty,  by  appointing  bo- 
13 


L46 


SUPPLEMENT. 


forehand  some  general  place  of  rendezvous.  There 
are  noted  instances  where  light  troops  have  been 
so  reassembled,  without  suffering  great  loss,  after 
having  been  driven  back  and  scattered. 

Artillery  has  little  effect  upon  the  extended  line 
of  skirmishers,  especially  if  they  are  lying  flat  on 
the  ground  or  well  covered — while  their  fire  falls 
in  return  with  great  effect  upon  the  other.  In 
firing  upon  a battery  the  flanks  of  the  line  should 
endeavor  to  close  forward,  to  obtain  the  advantage* 
of  the  cross-fire,  and  the  horses  in  rear  should  be 
selected  as  an  object  in  order  to  disable  the  pieces 
for  retreating.  Moving  the  line  thirty  or  forty 
paces  forward,  or  to  the  rear,  after  the  artillery  has 
gotten  its  range,  will  serve  to  disconcert  it. 

When  light  infantry  support  artillery  they 
should,  usually,  be  posted  on  one  or  both  flanks 
(not  yet  deployed,  it  may  be),  and  a part  of  them 
may  find  a position  from  which  to  cross  their  fire 
with  that  of  the  artillery ; if  the  guns  advance,  the 
light  infantry  may  be  ordered  to  cover  their  front, 
or  to  move  forward  parallel  with  them.  In  retir- 
ing, the  infantry  skirmishes  to  cover  the  withdrawal 
of  the  guns,  and  to  afford  them  time  to  gain  some 
distance  to  the  rear.  ^ 

In  a broken  or  intersected  country  and  in  woody 
and  soft  meadow  lands,  light  infantry  have  the  ad* 
vantage  over  cavalry.  In  such  ground  cavalry 
will  not  venture  to  engage,  seriously,  skirmishers 
who  manifest  a resolute  opposition.  A single 
infantry  man,  who  knows  the  use  of  his  bayonet,  •• 
is  at  least  a match  for  an  individual  horseman. 

Forty  paces  between  groups  is  the  extreme 
interval  of  deployment.  The  habitual  distance 


SUPPLEMENT. 


147. 


being  twenty  paces,  if  a less  distance  be  named  in 
the  command,  the  men  in  the  groups  must  reduce 
their  intervals  to  correspond. 

In  covering  the  front  of  a battalion  (in  line), the 
skirmishers  must  extend  beyond  the  battalion  front 
half  the  interval  to  the  next  battalions  on  its  right, 
and  left. 

Whether  covering  the  front  of  the  battalion,  or 
its  flank,  and  whether  the  battalion  be  in  column 
or  line,  the  skirmishers  are  to  conform  their  move- 
ments to  it. 

Should  it  be  in  line,  and  a flank  unsupported, 
skirmishers  are  either  to  be  extended  along  the 
flank,  or  to  be  so  far  extended  along  the  front  as  to 
protect  the  flank. 

If  the  battalion  moves  in  echelon^  the  skirmish- 
ers must  half  face,  and  gain  ground,  in  the  proper 
direction  by  obliquing. 

If  the  battalion  passes  into  column  from  line,  the 
skirmishers  will  preserve  their  extension  to  cover 
the  movement.  If  they  are  masking  the  head  of  a 
column,  they  will  be  extended  so  far  as  to  cover 
the  deployment  of  the  column  into  line. 

When  the  formation  in  rear  of  the  skirmishers  is 
complete,  and  they  are  ordered  to  quit  the  front, 
they  must  leave  it  clear  as  soon  as  possible. 

They  should  not  cross  the-  front  of  a square  or 
of  a column. 

Skirmishers  should  be  thrown  forward  to  cover 
a change  of  front  of  the  battalion. 

If  covering  a line  that  moves  to  the  attack, 
skirmishers  should  be  closed,  at  the  proper  mo- 
ment, to  the  right  and  left  to  clear  the  front. 

But  it  frequently  happens  that  the  skirmishers, 


148 


SUPPLEMENT. 


in  the  enemy’s  attack  upon  troops  in  position,  are 
driven  directly  back  upon  them.  In  this  case  the 
troops  of  the  line  should  throw  back  a few  files 
from  the  left  of  the  companies,  opening  intervals*for 
the  skirmishers  to  pass  through. 

When  a line  of  skirmishers,  whether  advancing 
or  retreating,  is  halted^  they  should  lose  no  time 
in  availing  themselves  of  the  cover  the  ground  may 
afford.  The  non-commissioned  officers  should  look 
to  this. 

If  assailed  by  cavalry,  and  skirmishers  can  avail 
themselves  of  such  an  obstacle  as  a house,  fence,  or 
the  edge  of  a ravine,  they  need  not  form  square. 
Forming  line  with  their  backs  to  the  obstacle  will 
be  sufficient. 

The  fatiguing  nature  of  the  duty  requires  that 
skirmishers  be  relieved  from  time  to  time. 

Bailies. 

The  essentially  new  part  of  the  drill  of  skirmish- 
ers, is  the  development  upon  the  groups  of  fours. 
In  the  system  that  prevailed  anterior  to  this  late 
introduction  of  the  French,  the  deployment  was 
made  upon  the  file  as  the  fundamental  unit,  the 
directing  file  moved  forward  or  it  stood  fast,  ac- 
cording as  the  deployment  was  to  be  forward  or 
by  the  flank ; and  at  the  proper  time  the  file  (as 
now  the  group)  deployed,  the  rear-rank  man  stop- 
ping upon  the  general  line  two  paces  on  the  left  of 
his  file  leader.  In  extending  or  in  closing  inter- 
vals the  distance  taken  was  that  between  files,  the 
distance  between  the  men  of  a file  remmning  inva- 
riably two  patjes.  This  method  certainly  has  sim- 
plicity in  its  favor.  The  officer  in  command 


SUPPLEMENT. 


149 


expressed  the  number  of  paces  to  be  taken  for 
intervals,  and  was  not  limited,  except  by  his  discre- 
tion. In  deploying  by  the  flank,  it  was  the  duty 
of  the  front-rank  man  of  the  file  to  look  to  the  di. 
rection  (to  follow  exactly  the  trace  of  the  preceding 
file);  while  the  rear-rank  man,  casting  a glance 
over  the  shoulder,  determined  the  distance  from 
the  halting  file  in  rear,  and  then  cautioned  his  file 
leader,  in  a low  tone,  by  the  word  halt.  This,  it 
would  be  well  to  continue  with  the  groups. 

It  seems  to  be  doubtful  whether  the  system  of 
groups  be  a positive  improverpent.  A circum- 
stance that  strengthens  the  doubt  is,  the  fact  that 
the  whole  of  the  firing  comes  back  to  repose  upon 
the  file  development.  Perhaps  rather  too  much 
importance  is  attached  to  the  ingenious  idea  of  the 
squares  which  are  formed  by  the  groups  of  fours. 
To  calculate  their  value  it  should  be  considered, 
1st.  That  any  casualties  that  may  have  occurred 
before  the  formation  would  have  rendered  the 
numbering  off  erroneous,  and  would  have  made 
the  groups  less  than  four.  The  fragments  would 
then,  of  course,  join  themselves  to  the  neighbor- 
ing squares,  in  which  case  these  would  no  longer 
be  squares  of  four.  2d.  The  smallness  of  the 
squares  makes  them  weak  in  themselves.  3d. 
They  are  not  formed  in  echelon^  or  so  that  their 
fire  crosses  missing  one  another.  Other  points 
might  be  reckoned  going  to  indicate  that  the  prin- 
ciple of  these  little  squares  may  have  been  over- 
valued at  the  expense  of  the  general  theory  of  the 
skirmishing  drill.  However,  as  I have  no  disposi- 
tion to  deny  the  system  of  the  groups  of  fours  a 
certain  merit,  I limit  the  direct  objection  to  the 
13* 


150 


SUPPLEMENT. 


following  point.  Let  it  be  granted  that  the  aggre- 
gating of  the  extended  group  into  a prompt  square 
of  fours,  back  to  back,  furnishes  a ready  means  of 
strengthening  the  line,  yet  I certainly  believe  that 
the  subordinating  of  the  next  higher  units,  that  is 
to  say,  the  rally  of  the  section  and  plat  )on  circles^  to 
the  group  square  is  a vice.  It  is  pushing  the  spirit 
of  system  too  far.*  The  small  square  of  four  is  an 
unsuitable  nucleus  for  the  section  or  platoon  circle. 
I give  the  reasons  : 1st.  Because  the  formation  of 
the  circle  ought  to  allow  (and  the  text  requires)  a 
fire  by  two  ranks,  which  are  inconveniently  formed 
on  the  square  nucleus.  2d.  Because  the  sergeants 
are  thrown  into  the  ranks,  not  being  able  to  get 
within  the  nucleus,  and  thus  are  prevented  from 
assisting  the  officer  effectually.  3d.  Because  the 
men,  running  in  on  either  flank,  cannot  And  their 
proper  places  in  front  and  rear  of  the  line  (of  bat- 
tle) while  those  who  are  already  formed  cannot 
charge  bayonets  promptly,  on  account  of  the  con- 
tinued arrival  of  the  men  from  the  extremes  of  the 
late  line. 

I propose  that  the  section  (or  platoon)  circle  be 
rallied  thus:  The  men  shall  run  to  the  officer, 
instead  of  his  running  to  them.  At  the  command 
of  the  captain  the  lieutenant  forms  his  escort  (if  he 
have  one)  as  a segment  of  the  inner  circle,  and 
faced  toward  the  approaching  cavalry — he  throw- 
ing up  his  sword,  and  they  their  bayonets,  for  a 


♦ The  figure  in  the  Tactics  do^s  not  follow  the  text 
The  figure  makes  the  circle  tangent  to  the  line  of  battle. 
The  text  places  i ts  centre  upon  the  line.  Hardee  and  Casey 
follow  the  French  plate  in  this  oversight 


SUPPLEMENT. 


151 


signal.  The  first  arriving  files  rapidly  complete 
this  first  circle,  the  sergeants  and  the  bugler 
throwing  themselves  into  it.  The  men  coming  in 
later  form  an  outer  concentric  circle — the  whole 
being  finally  in  two  ranks,  and  the  circle  compact, 
by  reason  of  the  two  facts  that  there  are  several 
combatants  in  the  centre,  and  that  the  officer  by 
disposing  the  segment  of  the  first  or  inner  circle, 
can  determine  the  dimension  of  both  the  circles, 
and  graduate  it  to  contain  accurately  his  section 
or  platoon. 

In  forming  the  circle  as  above,  the  men  may  all 
take  the  run  without  impeding  one  another — they 
are  gaining  ground  toward  the  reserve — the  point 
of  the  rally  is  known  at  once,  and  no  time  is  lost 
in  the  officer’s  passing  forward  to  a particular 
group ; the  circle  is  better  formed  for  firing.  It  is 
obvious  that  the  officer  can  choose  the  rear  of  any 
part  of  his  line  for  the  formation,  by  simply  throw- 
ing himself  to  the  desired  point. 

Flank  Deplo3rments,  &c.  • 

In  the  flank  deployments,  and  in  extending  and 
closing,  by  the  flank,  it  will,  perhaps,  be  admitted 
on  fair  consideration  that  the  men  should  face  to- 
ward the  designated  point,  at  the  command  which 
indicates  to  them  which  it  is,  not  delaying  to  face 
till  the  word  March.  In  close  order,  men  cannoi 
face  and  step  off  in  the  double-quick  step,  at  one 
and  the  same  time ; they  are  not  required  to  step 
off  from  a halt,  by  the  flank,  in  any  instance  but 
this,  which  is  an  alteration  of  the  drill  as  prescribed 
in  Scott’s  tactics.  At  the  command.  By  the 


152 


SUPPLEMENT. 


flarik  take  intervals^  the  skirmishers  should  face 
preparatory  to  marching  at  the  word  March. 

The  text  of  G-eneral  Casey  furnishes  a means  of 
re-forming  the  line,  after  rallying  by  fours,  by  sec- 
tions and  by  platoons,  but  does  not  go  beyond  this. 
All  rallies  are  made  in  the  anticipation  of  ultimate- 
ly gaining  the  reserve ; and  when  rallied  hj  fours^ 
sections^  or  platoons^  at  the  assemble,  rally  on  the  re- 
serve, or  rallxj  on  the  battalion,  t\ie  squares  or  circles 
should  break  up  at  once,  and  direct  themselves  to 
the*  rear. 

In  some  systems  of  skirmishing  the  flanks  of  the 
deployed  line  are  bent  slightly  to  the  rear,  a few 
files  thrown  back,  forming  a curved  line.  This  is, 
in  effect,  an  application,  on  a small  scale,  of  the 
principle  of  the  echelon,  and  is  a guard  against 
being  readily  outflanked.  There  are  times  when 
its  adoption  would  prove  advantageous. 

Changes  of  Front. 

The  prescribed  system  does  not  seem  to  provide 
adequately  against  an  attack  on  the  flank,  where 
it  is  chiefly  to  be  apprehended.  If  the  enemy 
should  appear  suddenly  on  either  flank,  neither 
wheeling  nor  filing  would  be  a sufficiently  prompt 
movement  to  oppose  him.  If  the  whole  line  is 
required  to  change  front  to  a flank,  much  time 
would  be  lost,  the  fire  would  be  delayed,  and  the 
outward  men  much  fatigued. 

The  centre  is  always  the  point  of  direction,  un- 
less otherwise  ordered,  and  upon  the  centre  as  a 
pivot,  changes  of  front  can  best  be  executed  in  an 
extended  line. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


153 


The  following  method  is  taken  from  systems 
antecedent  to  our  present  one,  and  seems  to'l^- 
serve  to  be  adopted. 

The  captain  wishing  to  change  front  to  the  right, 
will  command,  1.  Change  front  io  the  right.  The 
centre  guide  places  himself  on  the  line,  to  mark  the 
centre,  the  right  platoon  (or  section)  faces  about 
and  then  half  faces  to  the  right.  The  left  platoon 
(or  section)  half  faces  to  the  right. 


The  captain  commands,  2.  March  (or  Dovhlt- 
quick — March).  The  skirmishers  direct  them- 
selves, each  by  the  shortest  line,  upon  the  new 
direction,  arriving  successively,  the  right  wing 
facing  about  and  aligning  on  the  guide  and  centre 
group. 


154 


SUPPLEMENT. 


To  change  front  to  the  left  the  commands  and 
means  are  inverse. 

If  the  captain  wishes  to  change  front,  not  on  the 
centre,  but  on  the  extreme  right  or  left  file,  the 
shortest  way  to  form  the  new  front  seems  to  be  as 
follows:  The  captain  commands,  1.  Right  section 
forward  into  line — left  section  rally.  The  skirmish- 
ers of  the  right  wing  half  face  to  the  right,  the 
guide  marks  the  centre,  those  of  the  left  wing  face 
to  the  right.  The  reserve  wheels  to  the  right.  2. 
March  {or, Double-quick — March).  The  skirmish- 
ers of  the  right  section  form  successively  into  line 
on  the  left  of  the  right  guide,  and  perpendicularly 
to  their  old  line ; the  reserve  deploys  forward  on 
its  left  file,  and  upon  the  line  of  the  first  platoon 
(or  section).  The  left  platoon  or  section  rallies  in 
rear  of  the  centre  of  the  line,  and  acts,  for  the  time, 
as  its  reserve. 

To  form  line  to  the  left,  the  commands  and 
means  are  inverse. 

This  movement  places  fresh  skirmishers  in  action, 
and  one-fourth  more  of  them  on  the  line ; a decided 
advantage  in  the  case  of  a sudden  attack. 

Flankers. 

Flankers  are  thrown  out,  to  prevent  a sudden 
attack  on  a flank,  which  on  a march  is  the  most 
dangerous  of  all  attacks.  They  must  be  at  a suf- 
ficient distance  to  allow  time  to  the  column  to  form. 
The  distance  varies,  with  the  country,  and  the 
kind  of  troops  opposed.  Three  to  four  hundred 
paces  is  an  ordinary  distance.  At  night,  or  in 
foggy  weather,  or  in  a close  or  intersected  country, 


SUPPLEMENT. 


155 


or  if  the  enemy’s  cavalry  hover  on  the  flanks,  half 
the  foregoing  distance  may  suffice. 

The  men  of  a file  should  keep  together  and  act 
in  concert,  one  stepping  out  of  the  line  to  examine 
any  suspicious  place,  whilst  the  other  preserves 
the  chain. 

A company  of  a battalion  ordered  to  cover  both 
its  flanks,  will  march  out  of  the  column,  the  first 
platoon  by  the  right  flank,  the  second  by  the  left ; 
gain  two  hundred  paces  to  either  flank,  and  deploy. 
The  groups  may  be  held  together,  or  may  deploy 
into  single  file.  The  figure  p.l56  will  serve  to 
represent  the  movement  ended. 

Flankers  encountering  any  impassable  impedi- 
ments— streams,  bogs,  &c. — will  not  pass  around 
them,  leaving  them  to  intervene  between  them- 
selves and  the  column,  but  will  close  in  toward  the 
flank. 

On  discovering  the  enemy  they  will  instantly 
fire.  They  will  resist  an  attack  firmly,  retiring 
only  when  recalled  or  overpowered. 

Flankers  must  look  out  for  the  enemy  on  the 
side  they  protect,  should  climb  the  elevations,  and 
examine  all  places  that  might  serve  for  conceal- 
ment. 

When  the  column  halts,  flankers  should  face 
outward,  and  throw  out  a few  files  as  sentries. 

Troops  should  never  venture  into  a wood,  pass, 
or  defile,  without  throwing  forward  skirmishers, 
and  sending  out  flankers. 

Advanced  Guard. 

The  advanced  guard  of  infantry  may  or  may  not 


156 


SUPPLEMENT. 


o o o 


o 


o o 


oo  o 
oo 


oo 

oo 


oo 

oo 


oo 

oo 


o oo 
oo 


oo 

oo 


o 


oo 


oo 


oo 

oo 


• COMPANY  DEPLOYED  AS  FLANKERS  TO  A COLUMN, 

oo  oo 

oo  o o oo 

De  deployed  in  skirmishing  order,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. If  deployed  their  duties  are  in  many 
respects  the  same  as  those  of  the  flankers. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


157 


It  is  their  duty  to  examine  all  villages,  detached 
houses,  enclosures,  &c.,  before  the  near  approach 
of  the  column. 

If  feeling  for  the  enemy,  upon  discovering  him 
they  will  not  fire,  but  halt,  observing  his  position, 
strength,  and  movements,  and  communicate  to  the 
rear.  If,  however,  they  are  assailed,  they  must 
fire,  to  give  instant  notice,  and  must  dispute  the 
ground.  But  it  must  be  impressed  upon  the  men 
that  they  are  not  to  fire  unless  they  are  perceived 
by  the  enemy,  as  by  doing  so  they  discover  to  him 
the  presence  of  their  own  army. 

Bear  Guard. 

Light  infantry  in  the  rear  guard,  may  be  unde- 
ployed, or  it  may  be  in  skirmishing  order,  accord- 
ing to  circumstances.  If  the  column  be  advancing, 
the  infantry  of  the  rear  guard  is  not  usually  de- 
ployed. But  if  the  column  be  retreating  before  an 
enemy,  the  light  infantry  is  formed  in  skirmishing 
order.  Their  proper  front  is  toward  the  rear  of 
the  column.  The  company  (if  it  be  a company) 
must  jtherefore  be  countermarched,  if  necessary. 
When  the  rear  guard  halts,  the  skirmishers  must 
always  face  to  the  side  of  the  enemy.  In  retiring 
they  must  constantly  look  behind  and  on  the  flanks 
to  avoid  surprise,  and  to  rally  if  required.  They 
must  seize  the  positions  of  strength  that  the  route 
may  offer,  to  delay  and  oppose  the  enemy,  falling 
back  from  one  position  to  another. 

In  passing  a bridge,  ford,  or  defile,  the  reserve 
wiU  pass  first,  and  extend  along  the  farther  side, 
facing  the  enemy,  to  cover  the  passage  of  the 
14 


158 


SUPPLEMENT. 


skirmishers^  The  skirmishers  on  approaching  the 
bridge-head  will  make  a stand,  the  flanks  will  im- 
mediately commence  the  passage,  the  extreme  right 
and  left  files  firing  and  at  once  retreating,  the  other 
files  following  these  in  succession,  the  centre  files 
following  last  of  all.  The  old  line  of  skirmishers 
form  for  a reserve,  two  hundred  paces  beyond  the 
bridge,  and  the  late  reserve,  now  deployed,  take 
their  places. 

The  duty  of  skirmishing  in  the  rear  guard  is 
so  exhausting,  that  frequent  reliefs  are  absolutely 
necessary. 


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by  mail^  on  receipt  of  the  price. 


SCOTT’S  MILITARY  DICTIONARY. 

Comprising  Technical  Definitions ; Information  on  Raising 
and  Keeping  Troops ; Actual  Service,  including  make- 
shifts and  improved  materiel^  and  Law,  Government, 
Regulation,  and  Administration  relating  to  Land  Forces. 
By  Colonel  H.  L.  Scott,  Inspector  General  U.  S.  A.  1 
vol,  large  8vo,  fully  illustrated,  half  morocco.  $5. 

“We  cannot  speak  too  much  in  legitimate  praise  of  this  work.’'’ — 
Rational  Intelligencer. 

“We  cordially  commend  it  to  public  favor.” — Washington  Globe. 

“This  comprehensive  and  skilfully  prepared  work,  supplies  a want 
that  has  long  been  felt,  and  will  be  peculiarly  valuable  at  this  time 
as  a book  of  Boston  Commercial  Bulletin. 

“The  Military  Dictionary  is  splendidly  got  up  in  every  way,  and 
reflects  credit  on  the  publisher.  The  oflicers  of  every  company  in 
the  service  should  possess  it.” — N.  Y.  Tablet. 

“The  work  is  more  properly  a Military  Encycloprodia,  and  is  pro- 
fusely illustrated  with  engravings.  It  appears  to  contain  every  thing 
that  can  be  wanted  in  the  shape  of  information  by  oflicers  of  all 
grades.” — Philadelphia  North  American. 

“This  book  is  really  an  Encyclopaedia,  both  elementary  and  tech- 
nical, and  as  such  occupies  a gap  in  military  literature  which  has 
long  been  most  inconveniently  vacant.  This  book  meets  a present 
popular  want,  and  will  be  secured  not  only  by  those  embarking  In 
the  profession,  but  by  a great  number  of  civilians,  who  are  deter- 
mined to  follow  the  descriptions,  and  to  understand  the  philosophy 
of  the  various  movements  of  the  campaign.  Indeed,  no  tolerably 
good  library  would  be  complete  without  the  work.” — N.  Y.  Times. 


Rifles  and  Eifle  Practice. 

An  Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Theory  of  Rifle  Firing;  ex* 
plaining  the  causes  , of  Inaccuracy  of  Firing,  and  the 
manner  of  correcting  it;  with  descriptions  of  the  In- 
fantry Rifles  of  Europe  and  the  United  States,  their 
Balls  and  Cartridges.  By  Capt.  C.  M.  Wilcox,  U.  S. 
A.  New  edition,  with  engravings  and  cuts.^  Green 
cloth.  $1  75. 

Adjutant-General's  Office,  ) 
Washington,  June  28th,  1859.  \ 

Sir: — I am  instructed  to  inform  you  that  the  War  Department 
will  take  one  thousand  copies  of  Wilcox’s  Treatise  on  “Eifles  and 
Rifle  Practice,”  now  being  published  by  you. 

I am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

E.  D.  TOWNSEND, 
Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

D.  Yan  Nostrand,  Esq., 

Publisher,  city  of  New  York. 

“The  book  will  be  found  intensely  interesting  to  all  who  are  watch- 
ing the  changes  in  the  art  of  war  arising  from  the  introduction  of  the 
new  rifled  arms.  We  recommend  to  our  readers  to  buy  the  book.” — 
Military  Gazette. 

“This  book  is  quite  original  in  its  character.  That  character  is 
completeness.  It  renders  a study  of  most  of  the  wmrks  on  the  rifle 
that  have  been  published  quite  unnecessary.  We  cordially  recom- 
mend the  book.” — United  Service  Gazette.,  London. 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  GUIDES. 

Designed  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  of  the  United  States. 

Flexible  cloth.  60  cents. 

“The  work  is  carefully  got  up,  and  is  illustrated  by  numerous 
figures,  w’hich  make  the  positions  of  the  guides  plain" to  the  com- 
monest understanding.  Those  of  our  sergeants  who  wish  to  be 
‘posted  ’ in  their  duties  should  procure  a copy.” — Sunday  Mercury., 
Philadelphia. 

“It  has  received  high  praise,  and  will  prove  of  great  service  in 
perfecting  the  drill  of  our  Militia.”— W.  American  and  U.  S.  Gazette., 
Philadelphia. 

“This  neat  hand-book  of  the  elementary  movements  on  which  the 
,art  of  the  tactician  is  based,  reflects  great  credit  on  Col.  Le  Gal, 
whose  reputation  is  deservedly  high  among  military  men.  No  sol- 
dier .should  be  without  the  ‘ School  of  the  Guides.’  ” — N.  Y.  Dooly 
News. 


Army  Officer’s  Pocket  Oompanion. 

Principally  designed  for  Staff  Officers  in  the  Field.  Partly 
translated  from  the  French  of  M.  de  Rouvre,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of  the  French  Staff  Corps,  with  additions 
from  Standard  American,  French,  and  English  Authori- 
ties. By  Wm  P.  Craighill,  First  Lieutenant  U.  S.  | 
Corps  of  Engineers,  Assistant  Professor  of  Engineering  ' 
at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point.  1 vol. 
18mo.  Full  roan.  $1  50. 

“ I have  carefully  examined  Capt.  Craightll’s  Pocket  Companion. 

I find  it  one  of  the  very  best  works  of  the  kind  I have  ever  seen. 
Any  Army  or  Volunteer  Officer  who  will  make  himself  acquainted 
with  the  contents  of  this  little  book,  will  seldom  be  ignorant  of  hlT 
duties  in  camp  or  field.” 

H.  W.  HALLECK, 

Major-General  TJ.  S.  A. 

“ I have  carefully  examined  the  ‘ Manual  for  Staff  Officers  in  the 
Field.’  It  is  a most  invaluable  work,  admirable  in  arrangement, 
perspicuously  Avritten,  abounding  in  most  useful  matters,  and  such  a 
book  as  shoidd  be  the  constant  pocket  companion  of  every  army 
officer,  Eegular  and  Volunteer.” 

G.  W.  CULLUM, 
Brigadier-General  U.  S.  A., 

Chief  of  General  llallecJc's  Staff, 


Halleck’s  International  Law. 

International  Law ; or,  Rules  Regulating  the  Intercourse 
of  States  io;^  Peace  and  War.  By  Major-Gen.  II.  W. 
Halleck,  Commanding  the  Army.  1 vol.  8vo,  law 
sheep.  $6. 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALL  OFFICERS  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES  ARMY, 

From  1789  to  January  1st,  1853,  and  of  the  Navy  and 
Marine  Corps.  Second  edition,  with  a Supplement, 
bringing  it  down  to  January  1,  1800.  By  Col.  Cuas, 
K.  Gardner.  1 vol.  12mo,  cloth.  $3. 


authority,^ 

CASEY’S 

NEW  INFANTRY  TACTICS, 

For  the  Instruction,  Exercise,  and  Manoeuvres  of  the  Sol- 
dier, a Company,  Line  of  Skirmishers,  Battalion,  Bri- 
gade, or  Corps  d’Arm4e.  By  Brig.-Gen.  Silas  Casey, 
U.  S.  A.  3 vols.  24mo.  Lithographed  plates.  $2  50. 

Yol.  I. — School  of  the  Soldier;  School  of  the  Company; 

Instruction  for  Skirmishers. 

Yol.  II. — School  of  the  Battalion. 

Yok  III. — Evolutions  of  a Brigade;  Evolutions  of  a 

Corps  d’Armee. 

War  Department,  Washington,  August  11, 1862. 

The  System  of  Infantry  Tactics  prepared  by  Brig.-Gen.  Silas 
Casey,  U.  S.  A.,  having  been  approved  by  the  President,  is  adopted 
for  the  instruction  of  the  Infantry  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States,  whether  Eegular,-  Volunteer,  or  Militia,  with  the  following 
modifications,  viz. : 

Firsts  That  portion  which  requires  that  two  companies  shall  be 
permanently  detached  from  the  battalion  as  skirmishers,  will  be 
suspended. 

Second,  In  Title  First,  Article  First,  the  following  will  bo  substi- 
tuted for  Paragraph  6.  viz. : 

“A  regiment  is  composed  of  ten  companies,  which  will  be  habit- 
ually posted  from  right  to  left  in  the  following  order;  first,  sixth, 
fourth,  ninth,  third,  eighth,  fiifth,  tenth,  seventh,  second,  according 
to  tho  rank  of  Captain.”  EDWIN  M.  STANTON, 

Secretary  of  War. 


A 

Treatise  on  the  Camp  and  March. 

With  which  is  connected  the  Construction  of  Field  Y^'orka 
and  Military  Bridges ; with  an  Appendix -of  Artillery 
Ranges,  &c.  For  the  use  of  Yolunteers  and  Militia  in 
the  United  States.  By  Captain  HenRt  D.  Grafton,  U. 
, S.  A.  1 vol.  12mo,  cloth.  '76  cents. 


LIEBER  ON  GUERILLA  PARTIES. 

Ouerilla  Parties  considered  with  reference  to  the  Laws  and 
Usages  of  War.  Written  at  the  request  of  Major-Gen. 
Henry  W.  Halleck,  General-in-Chief  of  the  Army  of 
the  United  States.  By  Francis  Lieber,  12mo,  paper. 
25  cents. 

Headquarters  of  the  Army,  ) 

• Washington,  Aug.  6,  1862.  f 

Dr.  Francis  Lieber: 

My  Dear  Doctor — Having  heard  that  you  have  given  much  atten- 
tion to  the  usages  and  customs  of  war  as  practised  in  the  present 
age,  and  especially  to  the  matter  of  guerilla  war,  I hope  you  may 
find  it  convenient  to  give  to  the  public  your  views  on  that  subject. 
The  rebel  authorities  claim  the  right  to  send  men,  in  the  garb  of 
peaceful  citizens,  to  waylay  and  attack  our  troops,  to  burn  bridges 
and  houses,  and  to  destroy  property  and  persons  within  our  lines. 
They  demand  that  such  persons  be  treated  as  ordinary  belligerents, 
and  that  when  captured  they  have  extended  to  them  the  same  rights 
as  other  prisoners  of  war.  They  also  threaten  that  if  such  persons 
be  punished  as  marauders  and  spies,  they  will  retaliate  by  executing 
our  prisoners  of  war  in  their  possession. 

I particularly  request  your  views  on  these  questions. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

H.  W.  liALLECK,  GeneraUn-Chief  U.  & A. 


HAND-BOOK  OF  ARTILLERY, 

For  the  Service  of  the  United  States  Army  and  Militia. 
New  and  revised  edition.  By  Major  Joseph  Roberts, 
U.  S.  A.  1 vol.  18mo,  cloth.  $1  25. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a Report  made  by  the  committee 
appointed  at  a meeting  of  the  staff  of  the  Artillery  School  at  Fort 
Monroe,  Va.,  to  whom  the  commanding  officer  of  the  school  had  re- 
ferred this  work : 

* * * “In  the  opinion  of  your  Committee,  the  arrangement  of 
the  subjects  and  the  selection  of  the  several  questions  and  answers 
have  been  judicious.  The  work  is  one  which  may  be  advantageously 
used  for  reference  by  the  officers,  and  is  admirably  adapted  to  the 
instruction  of  non-commissioned  officers  and  priv^ates  of  Artillery. 

“Your  Committee  do,  therefore,  recommend  that  it  be  substituted 
as  a text-book  in  place  of  ‘ Burns’  Questions  and  Answers  on  Ar* 
tfllery.’” 

(Signed,)  I.  YOGDES,  Capt  1st  Artillery. 

(Signed,)  E.  O.  C.  ORD,  Oapt,  Sd  Artillery. 

(Signed,)  J.  A.  H ASKIH,  Bvt,  Maj,  and  Capt.  1st  ArUUery. 


The  Political  and  Military  History 

OF  THB 

CAMPAIGN  OF  WATERLOO. 

Translated  from  the  French  of  General  Baron  de  Jomini. 
By  Capt.  S.  V.  Benet,  U.  S.  Ordnance.  1 vol.  12mo, 
cloth,  second  edition.  75  cents. 

“Baron  Jomini  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  greatest  nriH- 
itarv  historians  and  critics  of  the  century.  His  merits  have  been 
recogniised  by  the  highest  military  authorities  in  Europe,  and  were 
rewarded  in  a conspicuous  manner  by  the  greatest  military  power  in 
Christendom.  He  learned  the  art  of  war  in  the  school  of  experience, 
the  best  and  only  finishing  school  of  the  soldier.  He  served  with 
distinction  in  nearly  all  the  campaigns  of  Napoleon,  and  it  was 
mainly  from  the  gigantic  military  operations  of  this  matchless  n aster 
of  the  art  that  he  was  enabled  to  discover  its  true  principles,  and  to 
ascertain  the  best  means  of  tiieir  application  in  the  infinity  of  com- 
binations which  actual  war  presents.  Jomini  criticizes  the  details 
of  Waterloo  with  great  science,  and  yet  in  a manner  that  interests 
the  g'eneral  reader  as  well  as  the  protessional.”— York  World. 

“ The  present  volume  is  the  concluding  portion  of  his  great  work, 
*Yie  Politique  et  Militaire  de  Napoleon,’  published  in  1826.  Capt. 
Benet’s  translation  of  it  has  been  for  some  time  before  the  public, 
and  has  now  reached  a second  edition ; it  is  very  ably  executed,  and 
forms  a work  which  will  always  be  interesting,  and  especially  so  at 
a time  when  military  afiairs  are  uppermost  in  the  public  mind.’— 
Philadelphia  North  American. 


*i71axims  and  Instructions  on  the 
Jirt  of  W^«r. 

Maxims,  Advice,  and  Instructions  on  the  Art  of  War ; or, 
A Practical  Military  Guide  for  the  use  of  Soldiers  of  all 
Arms  and  of  all  Countries.  Translated  from  the 
French  by  Captain  Lendy,  Director  of  the  Practical 
Military  College,  late  of  the  French  Staff,  &c.,  &c,  1 

vol.  18mo,  cloth.  75  cents. 

“ A book  of  maxims,  that  is  not  as  dry  as  a cask  of  ‘ remainder  bis- 
cuit,’ is  a novelty  in  literature.  The  little  volume  before  us  is  an 
exception  to  the  general  rule.  It  presents  the  suggestion  of  common 
sense  in  military" affairs,  with  a certain  brilliancy  and  point.  On« 
may  read  it  purely  or  entertainment,  and  not  be  disappointed.  At 
the  same  time,  it  is  full  of  practical  instructions  of  great  value. 
When  found  in  the  i)Ocket  of  an  officer  of  volunteers,  it  will  be  tbo 
right  book  in  the  right  place.” — N.  Y.  Tribune. 


JVolati^s  System  for  ‘Training 
Cavalry  Horses. 

By  Kenner  Garrard,  Captain  Fifth  Cavalry,  U.  S.  A.  1 
vol.  12mo,  cloth.  Twenty-four  lithographed  plates. 
|1 

♦ * * “ We  are  glad  when  competent  men  bring  forward  works 
lhat  are  intended  to  facilitate  the  formation  of  an  elective  cavalry 
force.  Of  this  class  is  ‘ JSolan’s  System  for  Training  Cavalry  Horses  ’ 
prepared  for  use  in  this  country,  by  Captain  K(  nner  Garrj^rd,  U.  S. 
A.  Captain  bio  an  was  distinguished  in  the  British  service  for  his 
knowledge  of  the  cavalry  arm,  and  for  h s general  talents.  As  the 
work  hau  become  out  of  print,  Captain  Garrard  has  done  well  in 
reproducing  it;  he  has  lidded  to  it  a chapter  on  Karev's  Method  of 
Training  Horses,  and  another  on  Horse  Shoeing.  The  volume  is 
well  illustrated.  It  cannot  be  too  warmly  commended  to  general 
use.” — Jdo6ton  Daliy  JiJceniug  Tra'ceUer. 

“It  explains  a perfectly  successful  method  of  gaining  the  mastery 
over  .the  most  refractory  horse,  and  is  no  less  adapted  for  the  use  of 
the  rider  for  exercise,  business,  or  pleasure,  than  of  the  cavalry  offi- 
cer. By  the  plan  of  the  author,  the  time  of  training  is  greatly  short- 
_ ened ; the  progress  is  so  gradual  that  it  never  makes  the  horse  n- 
amiable,  and  the  successive  lessons  tend  to  the  development  of 
mutual  love  and  admiration  between  the  parties.”— A.  Y.  Tribune. 


Monroe’s  Company  Drill. 

The  Company  Drill  of  the  Infantry  of  the  Line,  together 
with  the  Skirmishing  Drill  of  the  Company  and  Bat- 
talion, after  the  method  of  Gen.  Le  Louterel.  And 
Bayonet  Fencing.  By  Col.  J.  Monroe,  22d  Regt.  N. 
Y.  S.  M.  24mo,  cloth.  50  cents. 


CAVALEY: 

ITS  HISTORY,  MANAGEMENT,  AND  USES 
IN  WAR. 

By  J.  Roemer,  late  an  Officer  of  Cavalry  in  the  service  of 
the  Netherlands.  1 vol.  8vo.  With  over  two  himared 
beautifully  engraved  illustrations.  $5  00. 


THE  ARTILLERIST’S  MANUAL. 

Compiled  from  various  sources,  and  adapted  to  the  service, 
of  the  United  States.  Profusely  illustrated  with  wood- 
cuts  and  engravings  on  stone.  Second  edition,  revised 
and  corrected,  with  valuable  additions.  By 

Gen.  John  Gibbon,  U.  S.  A.  1 vol.  8vo,  half  roan,  $5 ; 
half  russia,  $6. 

$ 


AMERICAN  MILITARY  BRIDGES, 

With  India-Rubber  and  Galvanized  Iron  Pontons  and 
Trestle  Supporters,  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Armiei 
of  the  United  States.  By  Brig.-Gen.  Geo.  W.  Cullum, 
Major  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  Chief  of  the  Staff 
of  Major-Gen.  Halleck.  Second  edition,  with  notes  and 
two  additional  chapters.  1 vol.  8vo,  with  plates.  In 
press. 


JVew  Bayonet  Exercise. 

A New  Manual  of  the  Bayonet,  for  the  Army  and  Militia 
of  the  United  States.  By  Colonel  J.  C.  Kelton,  U.  S. 
A.  With  thirty  beautifully-engraved  plates.  Red 
cloth.  $1  75. 

This  Manual  was  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets, 
and  has  been  introduced  at  the  Military  Academy  with  satisfactory 
results.  It  is  simply  the  theory  of  the  attack  and  defence  of  the 
sword  applied  to  the  bayonet,  on  the  authority  of  men  skilled  in  the 
use  of  arms 

The  Manual  contains  practical  lessons  in  Fencing,  and  prescribes 
the  defence  against  Cavalry,  and  the  manner  of  conducting  a contest 
with  a Swordsman. 

“ This  work  merits  a favorable  reception  at  the  hands  of  all  mil- 
itary men.  It  contains  all  the  instruction  necessary  to  enable  an 
officer  to  drill  his  men  in  the  use  of  this  weapon.  The  introduction 
of  the  sabre  bayonet  in  our  army,  renders  a knowledge  of  the  exer- 
cise more  imperative,” — A.  Y.  Times. 


THE  “C.  S.  A.” 

AND  THE 

BATTLE  OF  BULL  RUN. 

(A Letter  to  an  English  Friend.)  By  J.  G.  Barnard,  Major 
of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  Brigadier-General,  and  Chief 
Engineer,  Army,  of  the  Potomac.  With  five  maps.  1 
vol.  8vo,  cloth.  $1  50.  ♦ 

“ This  book  was  begun  by  the  author  as  a letter  to  a friend  ia 
England,  but  as  he  proceeded  and  his  MSS.  increased  in  magnitude, 
he  changed  his  original  plan,  and  the  book  is  the  result.  General 
Barnard  gives  by  far  the  best,  most  comprehensible  and  complete 
account  of  the  Battle  of  Bull  Eun  we  have  seen.  It  is  illustrated  by 
some  beautifully  drawn  maps,  prepared  for  the  War  Department  by 
the  topographical  engineers.  He  demonstrates.,  to  a certainty  that 
but  for  the  causeless  panic  the  day  might  not  have  been  lost.  The 
author  writes  with  vigor  and  earnestness,  and  has  contributed  on# 
of  the  most  valuable  records  yet  published  of  the  history  of  th# 
war.” — Boston  Commercial  Bulletin. 

“A  spirited  and  reliable  view  of  the  true  character  of  the  secession 
movement,  and  a correct  account  of  the  Battle  of  Bull  Eun,  by  a 
military  man  whose  qualifications  for  the  task  are  equalled  but  by 
few  persons.” — Cincinnati  Gazette. 

“The  work  is  clearly  written,  and  can  but  leave  the  impression 
upon  every  reader’s  mind  that  it  is  truth.  We  commend  it  to  the 
perusal  of  every  one  who  wants  an  intelligent,  truthful,  and  graphic 
description  of  the  ‘C.  S.  A.’  and  the  Battle  of  Bull  Eun.” — Neut 
York  Observer. 


Rhymed  Tactics,  by  “ Gov.” 

1 vol.  18mo,  paper.  With  portraits.  25  cents. 

“It  will  strike  the  military  man,  familiar  with  the  tedious  routine 
of  drill,  by  theory,  practice  and  memory,  as  a most  unique  and  val- 
uable method  of  strengthening  the  latter,  with  the  least  mental  ex- 
ertion. The  author  is  a thorough  soldier,  and  his  ability  as  a rhyme- 
ster will  be  conceded  by  any  intelligent  reader.” — N.  Y.  Leader. 

“Our  author  deserves  great  credit  for  the  ingenuity  he  has  dis- 
played in  putting  into  vei*se  a manual  which  would  at  first  glance 
aeem  to  defy  the  most  persistent  efforts  of  the  rhymer.  The  book 
contains  a number  of  illustrations,  representing  some  of  the  more 
diflBcult  positions,  in  the  figures  of  which,  portraits  of  several  promi- 
nent ofiBcers  of  the  New  York  Volunteers  may  be  recognized.” — 
Y,  Y.  Tmies. 


Siege  of  Bomarsund  (1854). 

Journals  of  Operations  of  the  Artillery  and  Engineers. 
Published  by  permission  of  the  Minister  of  War.  Illus- 
trated by  maps  and  plans.  Translated  from  the  French 
by  an  Army  Officer.  1 vol.  12mo,  cloth.  '75  cents. 


Exiropeau  Ordnance  and  Iron«Clad 
Defenses, 

With  some  account  of  the  American  Practice,  embracing 
the  Fabrication  and  Test  of  Heavy  Guns;  Projectiles 
and  Rifling  ; the  Manufacture  and  Te.st  of  Armor,  from 
official  data,  with  a detailed  account  of  English  experi- 
ments ; the  principles,  structure,  and  classification  of 
Iron-Clad  Vessels  ; Marine  Steam  Machinery,  &c.  By 
’ Alex.  L.  Holley,  B.  P.,  author  of  “ American  and 
European  Railway  Practice,”  &c.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth. 

With  250  illustrations.  In  press. 


HOLLEY’S  RAILWAY  PRACTICE. 

American  and  European  Railway  Practice,  in  the  Economi- 
cal Generation  of  Steam,  including  the  materials  and 
construction  of  Coal-burning  Boilers,  Combustion,  the 
Variable  Blast,  Vaporization,  Circulation,  Superheat- 
ing, Supplying  and  Heating  Feed- water,  &c.,  and  the 
adaptation  of  Wood  and  Coke-burning  Engines  to  Coal- 
burning; and  in  Permanent  Way,  including  Road-bed, 
Sleepers,  Rails,  Joint  Fastenings,  Street  Railways,  &c., 
&c.  By  Alexander  L.  Holley,  B.  P.  With  '7'7  litho- 
graphed plates.  1 voL  folio,  cloth.  $10. 


ELEMENTS  OP 

military  Art  and  History. 

Conaprising  the  History  of  the  Tactics  of  the  separate 
Arms,  the  Combination  of  the  Arms,  and  the  minor 
operations  of  war.  By  Edward  de  la  Barre  Duparcq, 
Captain  of  Engineers,  and  Professor  of  the  Military  Art 
in  the  Imperial  School  of  Saint  Cyr.  Translated  by 
Brig.-Gen.  George  W.  Cullum,  U.  S.  A.,  Chief  of  the 
Staff  of  Major-General  H.  W.  Halleck,  U.  S.  A.  1 vol. 
8vo,  cloth.  $4. 

BENET’S  MILITARY  LAW. 

A Treatise  on  Military  Law  and  the  Practice  of  Courts- 
Martial.  By  Capt.  S.  V.  Benet,  Ordnance  Department, 
U.  S.  A.,  late  Assistant  Professor  of  Ethics,  Law,  &c., 
Military  Academy,  West  Point.  Adopted  as  the  Text- 
Book  at  the  Militarjj^  Academy,  West  Point.  1 vol. 
8vo,  law  sheep.  $3. 

Judge  Advocate  General’s  Office,  ) 
October  13,  1862.  f 

* * * So  far  as  I have  been  enabled  to  examine  this  volume,  it 
seems  to  me  carefully  and  accurately  prepared,  and  I am  satisfied 
that  you  have  rendered  an  acceptable  service  to  the  army  and  the 
country  by  its  publication  at  this  moment.  In  consequence  of  the 
gigantic  proportions, so  suddenly  assumed  by  the  military  operations 
of  the  Government,  there  have  been  necessarily  called  into  the  field, 
from  civil  life,  a vast  number  of  officers,  unacquainted  from  their 
previous  studies  and  pursuits,  both  with  the  principles  of  military 
law  and  with  the  course  of  judicial  proceedings  under  it.  To  all 
such,  this  treatise  will  prove  an  easily  accessible  storehouse  of 
knowledge,  which  it  is  equally  the  duty  of  the  soldier  in  command 
to  acquire,  as  it  is  to  learn  to  draw  his  sword  against  the  common 
enemy.  The  military  spirit  of  our  people  now  being  thorouahly 
aroused,  added  to  a growing  conviction  that  in  future  we  may  have 
to  depend  quite  as  much  upon  the  bayonet  as  upon  the  ballot  box  for 
the  preservation  of  our  institutions,  cannot  fail  to  secure  to  this  work 
an  extended  and  earnest  appreciation.  In  bringing  the  results  of 
legislation  and  of  decisions  upon  the  questions  down  to  so  recent  a 
period,  the  author  has  added  greatly  to  the  interest  and  usefulness 
of  the  volume.  Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  HOLT. 


TEXAS, 

AND  ITS  LATE  MILITARY  OCCUPATION 
AND  EVACUATION. 

By  Capt.  Edwin  D.  Phillips,  1st  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.  8vo, 
paper.  25  cents. 


OFFICIAL  ARMY  REGISTER  FOR  1862, 

New  edition.  8vo,  paper.  50  cents. 


JVautical  Routine  and  Stowage. 

With  Short  Rules  in  Navigation.  By  John  McLeod  Mur- 
phy and  Wm.  N.  Jeffers,  Jr.,  TJ.  S.  N.  1 vol.  8vo, 
cloth.  $2  50. 


Mordecai’s  Report. 

Military  Commission  to  Europe  in  1855  and  1856.  Report 
of  Major  Alfred  Mordecai,  U.  S.  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment. 1 vol.  folio.  With  views  and  maps.  |2  60. 


Delafleld’s  Report. 

Report  on  the  Art  of  War  in  Europe  in  1854,  1855,  and 
1856.  By  Col.  R.  Delafield,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U. 
S.  A.  1 vol.  folio,  cloth.  With  maps  and  views.  $5. 


HINTS  TO  COMPANY  OFFICERS. 

By  Capt.  C.  C.  Andrews,  3d  Regt.  Minnesota  Vols.  1 vol. 
18mo,  cloth.  50  cents. 


VIELE’S  HAND-BOOK. 

Hand-Book  for  Active  Service,  containing  Practical  In- 
structions in  Campaign  Duties.  For  the  use  of  Volun- 
teers. By  Brig.-Gen.  Egbert  L.  Yiele,  U.  S.  A.  12mo, 
cloth.  $1. 

Gunnery  in  1858. 

A Treatise  on  Rifles,  Cannon,  and  Sporting  Arms.  By 
Wm.  Greener,  C.  E.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth.  $3. 


Manual  of  Heavy  Artillery. 

For  the  use  of  Volunteers.  1 vol.  12rao,  red  cloth.  76 
cents. 

“ Should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Artillerist." — V.  Y.  Illustrated 
News. 

“This  is  a concise  and  well-prepared  Manual,  adapted  to  the  wants 
of  Volunteers.  The  instruction,  which  is  of  an  important  nature,  is 
presented  in  a simple  and  clear  style,  such  as  will  be  easily  under- 
stood. The  volume  is  also  illustrated  with  explanatory  cuts  and 
drawings.  It  is  a work  of  practical  value,  and  cne  needed  at  the 
present  time  in  the  service.” — Boston  Commercial  Bulletin^ 

“ An  indispensable  Manual  for  all  who  wish  easily  and  accurately 
to  learn  the  school  of  the  Artillerist.” — N.  Y.  Commercial  Adver- 
tiser. 

AUSTRIAN  INFANTRY  TACTICS. 

Evolutions  of  the  Line  as  practised  by  the  Austrian  In- 
fantry, and  adopted  in  1863.  Translated  by  Capt.  C. 
M.  Wilcox,  Seventh  Regiment  U.  S.  Infantry.  1 vol. 
12mo.  Three  large  plates.  Cloth.  $1. 


NEW  MANUAL  OF  SWORD  AND  SABRE 
EXERCISE. 

By  Colonel  J.  C.  Kklton,  U.  S.  A.  Thirty  plates.  1%  press. 


Benton’s  Ordnance  and  Ounnery, 

A Course  of  Instruction  in  Ordnance  and  Gunnery,  com- 
piled for  the  use  of  the  Cadets  of  the  United  States 
Military  Academy.  By  Capt.  J.  G.  Benton,  Ordnance 
Department,  late  Instructor  of  Ordnance  and  Gunnery, 
Military  Academy,  West  Point.  Principal  Assistant  to 
Chief  of  Ordnance,  U.  S.  A.  Second  edition,  revised 
and  enlarged.  1 vol.  8vo,  half  morocco,  cuts.  $4. 

We  cannot  command  this  work  too  highly,  both  for  the  substance 
It  eci:tains,  and  the  highly  finished  manner  in  which  it  has  been  is- 
sued ly  the  publisher.  There  is  no  one  book  within  the  range  of 
our  mritary  reading  and  study,  that  contains  more  to  recommend  it 
upon  the  subject  of  which  it  treats.  It  is  as  full  and  complete  as  the 
narrow  compass  of  a single  volume  would  admit,  and  the  reputation 
of  the  author  as  a scientific  and  pract  cal  artillerist,  is  a sufiicient 
guarantee  for  the  correctness  of  his  statements  and  deductions,  and 
the  thoroniliness  of  his  labors.” — N.  Y.  Obserxer, 

“A  GRE*fT  Military  Work. — We  have  before  us  a bound  vol- 
ume of  near’y  600  pages,  which  is  a complete  and  exhaustive  ‘Course 
of  InstructioM  in  Ordnance  and  Gunnery,’  as  its  title  states,  and  goes 
into  every  department  of  the  science,  including  gunpowder,  projec- 
tiles, cannon,  carriages,  machines  and  implements,  small  arms,  py- 
rotechny,  scieTice  of  gunnery,  loading,  pointing  and  discharging  fire- 
arms, different  kinds  of  fires,  effects  of  projectiles  and  employment 
of  artillery.  These  severally  form  chapter  heads,  and  give  thorough 
information  on  the  subjects  on  Avhich  they  treat.  The  most  valuable 
and  interesting  information  on  all  the  above  topics,  including  the 
history,  manufacture,  and  use  of  small  arms,  is  here  concentrated  in 
compact  and  convenient  form,  making  a work  of  rare  merit  and 
standard  excellence.  The  work  is  abundantly  and  clearly  illustra- 
ted.”— Boston  Traveller. 


SIEGE  AND  REDUCTION  OP 

Fort  Pulaski,  G-eorgia. 

Papers  on  Practical  Engineering.  No.  8.  Official  Report 
to  the  U.  S.  Engineer  Department  of  the  Siege  and  Re- 
duction of  Fort  Pulaski,  Ga.,  February,  March,  and 
April,  1862.  By  Brig.^General  Q.  A.  Gillmore,  U.  S. 
A.  Illustrated  by  Maps  and  Views.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth. 
:$2  50. 


SWORD-PLAY. 

THE  MILITIAMAN’S  MANUAL  AND  SWORD- 
PLAY WITHOUT  A MASTER. 

Rapier  and  Broad-Sword  Exercises  copiously  Explained 
and  Illustrated;  Small- Arm  Light  Infantry  Drill  of  the 
United  States  Army ; Infantry  Manual  of  Percussion 
Muskets;  Company  Drill  of  the  United  States  Cavalry. 
By  Major  M.  W.  Berriman,  engaged  for  the  last  thirty 
years  in  the  practical  instruction  of  Military  Students. 
Second  edition.  1 vol.  I2mo,  red  cloth.  $1. 

“Captain  Berriman  has  had  thirty  years' experience,  in  teaching 
military  students,  and  his  work  is  written  in  a simple,  clear,  and  sol- 
dierly style.  It  is  illustrated  with  twelve  ]>lates,  and  is  one  of  the 
cheapest  and  most  complete  works  of  the  kind  published  in  this 
eounLy.” — A.  Y.  World. 

“This  work  will  be  found  very  valuable  to  all  persons  seeking 
military  instruction;  but  it  recommends  itself  most  especially  to 
officers,  and  those  who  have  to  use  the  sword  or  sabre.  We  believe 
it  is  the  only  work  on  the  use  of  the  sword  published  in  this  coun- 
try.”-A.  Y.  Tablet. 


Jflamml  for  Engineer  Troops. 

Consisting  of — 

Part  I.  Ponton  Drill. 

II.  Practical  Operations  of  a Siege. 

III.  School  of  the  Sap. 

IV.  Military  Mining. 

V.  Construction  of  Batteries. 

By  Captain  J.  C.  Duane,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.  1 
vol.  12mo,  half  morocco,  with  plates.  $2. 

“ I have  carefully  examined  Capt.  J.  C,  Duane’s  ‘ Manual  for  En- 
gineer Troops,’  and  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  the  very  best 
work  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats.” 

H.  W.  HALLECK,  Major-General,  U.  S.  A. 
“A  work  of  this  kind  haS’  been  much  needed  in  our  military  lit- 
erature. For  the  army’s  sake,  I hope  the  book  will  have  a wide 
circulation  among  its  officers.” 

G.  B.  McClellan,  Major-General,  U.  S.  A. 


Gunnery  Instructions. 

Simplified  for  the  Volunteer  Officers  of  the  U.  S.  Navy, 
with  hints  to  Executive  and  other  Officers.  By  Lieut.- 
Commander  Edward  Barrett,  U.  S.  N.,  Instructor  in 
Gunnery,  Navy  Yard,  Brooklyn.  Second  edition,  re- 
vised and  enlarged.  1 vol.  12mo,  cloth.  $1  25. 

“ It  is  a thorough  work,  treating  plainly  on  its  subject,  and  con- 
tains also  some  valuable  hints  to  executive  officers.  No  officer  in 
the  volunteer  navy  should  be  without  a copy.” — Boston  Evening 
Traveller. 

“This  work,  which  is  appropriately  dedicated  to  the  Acting  Mas- 
ters and  Masters’  Mutes  of  the  United  States  Navy,  contains  detailed 
and  specific  instructions  on  all  points  connected  with  the  use  and 
manatiement  of  guns  of  every  kind  in  the  naval  service.  It  has  full 
illustrations,  and  many  of  these  of  the  most  elementary  character, 
especially  designed  for  the  use  of  volunteers  in  the  navy.  The  du- 
ties of  executive  officers  and  of  the  division  officers  are  so  clearly  set 
forth,  that  ‘ he  who  runs  may  read  ’ and  understand.  The  manual 
exercise  is  explicit,  and  rendered  simple  by  diagrams.  Forms  of 
watch  and  quarter  bills  are  given  ; and  at  the  close  there  is  a table 
of  ranges  according  to  the  kind  and  caliber  of  gun,  the  weight  of  the 
ball  and  the  charge  of  powder.  A valuable  little  hand-book.”— 
adelphia  Inquirer. 

“I  have  looked  through  Lieut.  Barrett’s  book,  jfnd  think  it  will 
be  very  valuable  to  the  volunteer  officers  who  are  now'  in  the  naval 
service.”  C.  E.  P.  RODGERS, 

Commanding  U.  S.  Steam  Frigate  Wabash. 


ELEMENTARY  INSTRUCTION  IN  NAVAL 
ORDNANCE  AND  GUNNERY. 

By  James  H.  Ward,  Commander  U.  S.  N.,  Author  of 
“ Naval  Tactics,”  and  “ Steam  for  the  Million.”  New 
edition,  revised  and  enlarged.  8vo,  cloth.  $2. 

“It  conveys  an  amount  of  information  in  the  same  space  to  be 
found  nowhere  else,  and  given  with  a clearness  w'hich  renders  it 
useful  as  w'ell  to  the  general  as  the  professional  inquirer.” — N.  Y. 
Evening  Post. 

“This  volume  is  a standard  treatise  upon  the  subject  to  which  it 
is  devoted.  It  abounds  in  valuable  information  upon  all  the  points 
bearing  upon  Naval  Gunnery.” — F.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser. 

“The  work  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  one,  and  is  opportunely 
issued.” — Boston  Joicrnal. 


SCREW  PROPULSION. 

Notes  on  Screw  Propulsion,  its  Rise  and  History,  By 
Capt.  W.  H.  Walker,  U.  S.  N.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth.  75 
cents. 

* thoroughly  demonstrating  the  efficiency  of  the 

screw,  Mr.  Walker  proceeds  to  point  out  the  various  other  points  to 
be  attended  to  in  order  to  secure  an  efficient  man-of-war  »and 
eulogizes  throughout  the  readiness  of  the  British  Admiralty  to  test 

every  novelty  calculated  to  give  satisfactory  results.  * * * Com- 
mander Walkers  book  contains  an  immense  amount  of  concise, 
practical  data,  and  every  item  of  information  recorded,  fully  proves 
that  the  various  points  bearing  upon  it  have  been  well  considered 
previously  to  expressing  an  OTgimon:'— London  Mining  Journal. 

“ Every  engineer  should  have  it  in  his  library.”— ulmerican  Eti* 
gineer. 


•M  Treatise  on  Ordnance  and 
JYaval  Gunnery. 

Compiled  and  arranged  as  a Text-Book  for  the  U.  S.  Naval 
Academy.  By  Lieut. -Commander  Edward  Simpson, 
U.  S.  N.  Second  edition,  revised  and  enlarged.  1 vol. 
8 VO,  plates  and  cuts,  half  morocco.  $4. 

Bueeatt  of  Ordnance  and  HYDBOORAPnY,  \ 
July  9th,  1859.  f 

Sir:—*  * * The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  approves  of  the  use  of 
this  work  as  a text-book  for  the  Academy.  * * * 

* Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J).  N.  INGRAHAM,  Chief  of  Bureau. 

Capt.  G.  S.  Blake, 

Superintendent  of  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 

“ It  is  scarcely  necessary  for  us  to  say  that  a work  prepared  by  a 
writer  so  practically  conversant  with  all  the  subjects  of  which  he 
treats,  and  who  has  such  a reputation  for  scientific  ability,  cannot 
fail  to  take  at  once  a high  place  among  the  text-books  of  our  naval 
service.  Ith?s  been  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and 
will  henceforth  be  one  of  the  standard  authorities  on  all  matters 
connected  with  Naval  Gunnery.” — N.  Y.  Herald. 

“ Originally  designed  as  a text-book,  it  is  now  enlarged,  and  so  far 
modified  in  its  plan  as  to  make  it  an  invaluable  hand-book  for  the 
naval  officer.  It  is  comprehensive — preserving  the  cream  of  many 
of  the  best  books  on  ordnance  and  naval  gunnery,  and  is  printed  and 
illustrated  in  the  most  admirable  macner.” — N.  Y.  World. 


Notes  on  Sea-Coast  Defence, 


Consisting  of  Sea-Coast  Fortification ; the  Fifteen-Jnch 
Gun,  and  Casemate  Embrasures.  By  Gen.  J.  G.  Bar- 
nard, Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth, 
plates.  $1  50. 

“This  small  volume,  by  one  of  the  most  accomplished  officers  in 
the  United  States  service,  is  especially  valuable  at  this  time.  Con- 
cisely and  thoroughly  Major  Barnard  discusses  the  subjects  included 
in  this  volume,  arid  gives  information  that  will  be  read  with  great 
profit  by  military  men,  and  by  all  interested  in  the  art  of  war  as  a 
defensive  force.” — N.  Y.  Commercial. 

“It  is  no  light  compliment  when  we  say  that  Major  Barnard's 
book  does  no  discredit  to  the  corps  to  which  he  belongs.  He  writes 
concisely,  and  wdth  a thorough  knowledge  of  his  subject.” — Hussell'i 
Army  and  JYavy  Gazette. 


STEAM  FOR  THE  MILLION. 

A Popular  Treatise  on  Steam  and  its  Application  to  the 
Useful  Arts,  especially  to  Navigation.  By  J.  H.  Ward, 
Commander,  U.  S.  N.  New  and  revised  edition.  1 vol. 
8vo,  cloth.  $1. 

” A most  excellent  work  for  the  young  engineer  and  general 
reader.  Many  facts  relating  to  the  management  of  the  boiler  and 
engine  are  set  forth  wdth  a simplicity  of  language,  and  perfection  of 
detail,  that  brings  the  subject  home  to  the  reader.  Mr.  Ward  is  also 
peculiarly  happy  in  his  illustrations.”— AweWcan  Engineer. 


STANDING  ORDERS  OF  THE  SEVENTH 
REGIMENT,  NATIONAL  GUARD. 

For  the  Regulation  and  Government  of  the  Regiment  in 
the  Field  or  in  Quarters.  By  A.  Duryee,  Colonel. 
New  edition.  Flexible  cloth.  40  cents. 


edition  of  a popular  work,  cannot  fail  to  be 
^ presenting  clearly  and  succinctly  the  prin- 
f discipline  of  a most  favorite  corpl  An  ap. 

^oprmte  mdex  facilitates  reference  to  the  matter  of  the  volume 


HISTORY 

OF  THE 

United  States  Uaval  Academy, 

With  Biographical  Sketches,  and  the  names  of  all  the 
Superintendents,  Professors,  and  Graduates,  to  which 
is  added  a Record  of  some  of  the  earliest  Votes  by  Con- 
gress, of  Thanks,  Medals,  and  Swords  to  Naval  Officers. 
By  Edward  Chauncey  Marshall,  A.  M.  1 vol.  12mo, 
cloth,  plates.  $1. 

“ The  book  before  us  affords  a good  account  of  the  naval  school 
from  its  first  establishment  under  the  auspices  of  Secretary  Bancroft, 
with  full  statements  of  the  regulations,  requisites  for  admission, 
course  of  study,  etc.  It  is  a seasonable  and  useful  contribution  to 
the  history  of  education  in  this  country.” — J/.'  Y.  Independent. 

“This  is  a most  welcome  volume.  All  that  throws  light  on  the 
history  of  our  army  and  navy,  now  needs  study ; and  the  Naval 
Academy,  though  really  so  recent,  well  deserves  a history.  Mr. 
Marshall  has  depicted,  in  clear  and  graphic  language,  the  vain  strug- 
gle for  years  to  give  our  navy,  what  the  navy  of  every  nation  has, 
an  academy  to  form  the  young  ofldcers  for  their  important  duties.” — 
N.  Y.  Historical  Magazine. 

' “Every  naval  man  will  find  it  not  only  a pleasant  companion,  but 
an  invaluable  book  of  reference.  It  is  seldom  that  so  much  informa- 
tion is  made  accessible  in  so  agreeable  a manner  in  so  small  a 
space,” — N.  Y.  Times. 


TOTTEN’S  MYAL  TEXT-BOOK. 

Naval  Text-Book  and  Dictionary,  compiled  for  the  use  of 
the  Midshipmen  of  the  U.  S.  Navy.  By  Commander  B. 
J.  Totten,  U.  S.  N.  Second  and  revised  edition.  1 
vol.  12mo.  $2  50. 

“This  work  is  prepared  for  the  Midshipmen  of  the  United  States 
Navy.  It  is  a complete  manual  of  instructions  as  to  the  duties 
which  pertain  to  their  office,  and  appears  to  have  been  prepared  with 
great  care,  avoiding  errors  and  inaccuracies  which  had  crept  into  a 
former  edition  of  the  work,  and  embracing  valuable  additional  mat- 
ter. It  is  a book  which  should  bo  in  the  hands  of  every  midshipman, 
and  officers  of  high  rank  in  the  navy  would  often  find  it  a useful 
panion- ” — Boston  Journal. 


THE 


AUTOMATON  REGIMENT, 

OB 

Infantry  Soldiers’  Practical  Instructor. 


For  all  REGIMENTAL  MOVEMENTS  IN  THE  FIELD. 
By  G.  Douglas  Brewerton,  U.  S.  Army.  Neatly  put 
up  in  boxes,  price  $1 ; when  sent  by  mail,  SI  40. 


The  “ Automaton  Reffiment  ” is  *a  simple  combination  of  blocks 
and  counters,  so  arranged  and  de^iarnated  by  a carefully  considered 
contrast  of  colors,  that  it  supplies  the  student  with  a perfect  minia- 
ture regiment,  in  which  the  position  in  the  battalion  of  each  compa- 
ny, and  of  every  officer  and  man  in  each  division,  company,  platoon 
and  section,  is  clearly  indicated.  It  supplies  the  studious  soldier 
with  the  means  whereby  he  can  consult  his  “■  tactics,”  and  at  the 
same  time  join  practice  to  theory  by  manoeuvring  a mimic  regiment. 

Headquarters,  Military  Governor,  ) ^ 
Department  of  the  South,  V 
Beaufort,  South  Carolina,  Oct.  21st,  1S62.  ) 

I hereby  certify  that  I have  examined  the  “Automaton  Regi- 
ment,” invented  by  G.  Douglas  Brewerton,  late  of  the  U.  S.  Regular 
now  serving  as  a Volunteer  Aid  upon  my  military  staff, 
and  believe  that  his  invention  will  prove  a useful  and  valuable  assist- 
ant to  every  student  of  military  tactics.  I take  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending it  accordingly.  R.  SAXTON 

Brig. -General  Volunteers. 


A System  of  Target  Practice. 

For  the  use  of  Troops  when  armed  with  the  Musket,  Rifle- 
Musket,  Rifle,  or  Carbine.  Prepared,  principally  from 
the  French,  by  Captain  Henry  Heth,  10th  Infantry,  U. 
S.  A.  60  cents. 

“War  Department,  W ashi ngton,  March  1 st,  1 85S. 
The  ‘System  of  Target  Practice,’  prepared  under  direction  of  the 
War  Department,  by  Captain  Henry  Heth,  10th  Infantry,  having 


THE 


AUTOMATON  COMPANY; 

OR, 

Infantry  Soldiers’  Practical  Instructor. 

For  all  COMPANY  MOVEMENTS  IN  THE  FIELD.  By 
G.  Douglas  Brewerton,  U.  S,  A.  Price  in  boxes,  $1  25^ 
when  sent  by  mail,  $1  95. 

THE 

AUTOHATOlSr  BATTERY; 

OR, 

Artillerists’  Practical  Instructor. 

For  all  MOUNTED  ARTILLERY  MANOEUVRES  IN  THE 
FIELD.  By  G.  Douglas  Brewerton,  U.  3.  A.  Price  in 
boxes,  $1 ; when  sent  by  mail,  $1  40. 

• — ■ 

UNION  rOUl^DATIOMS. 

A Study  of  American  Nationality,  as  a Fact  of  Science.  By 
Capt.  E.  B.  Hunt,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A,  1 vol., 
8 VO.,  cloth. 

MODELS  OF  FORTIFICATIONS. 

VATJBAFS  PIEST  SYSTEM. 

One  Front  and  two  Bastions— Scale,  20  yards  to  an  inch. 

THE  MODEEH  SYSTEM. 

One  Front— Scale,  20  yards  to  an  inch. 

riELD-WOEKS. 

The  Square  Redoubt — Scale,  5 yards  to  an  inch. 

li'ir.  Kimber’s  three  volumes,  viz.,  Vauban’s  First  System,  The 
Modern  System,  and  Field-Works,  will  accompany  the  modefe. 


Zicssons  and  Practical  JYotes  on 
Steam^ 

The  Steam  Engine,  Propellers,  &c.,  &c.,  for  Young  Marine 
Engineers,  Students,  and  others.  By  the  late  W.  R.. 
King,  U,  S.  N.  Revised  by  Chief-Engineer  J.  W.  King, 
U.  S.  N.  Third  edition,  enlarged.  8vo,  cloth.  $1  60. 

“This  is  a new  edition  of  a valuable  work  of  the  late  W.  E.  King, 
XT.  S.  N.  It  contains  lessons  and  practical  notes  on  Stesm  and  the 
Steam  Engine,  Propellers,  &c.  It  is  calculated  to  be  of  great  use  to 
young  marine  engineers,  students,  and  others.  The  text  is  illustra- 
ted and  explained  by  numerous  diagrams  and  representations  of 
machinery.  This  new  edition  has  been  revised  and  enlarged  by 
Chief  Engineer  J.  W.  King,  U.  S.  N.,  brother  to  the  deceased  author 
of  the  work.” — Boston  Daily  Advertiser. 

“This  is  one  of  the  best,  because  eminently  plain  and  practical, 
treatises  on  the  Steam  Engine  ever  published.” — Philadelphia 
Press. 

“ Its  re-publication  at  this  time,  when  so  many  young  men  are 
entering  the  service  as  naval  engineers,  is  most  opportune.  Each 
of  them  ought  to  have  a copy.” — Philadelphia  Evening  Bulletin. 


MANUAL  OP  INTERNAL  RULES  AND 
REGULATIONS  FOR  MEN-OF-WAR. 

By  Commodore  U.  P.  Levy,  U.  S.  N.,  late  Flag-Officer 
commanding  U.  S.  Naval  Force  in  the  Mediterranean, 
&c.  Third  edition,  revised  and  enlarged.  AVith  Rules 
and  Regulations  for  the  Engineer  Department.  By  A. 
C.  Stimers,  Chief-Engineer  U.  S.  N.  Flexible  blue 
cloth.  60  cents. 

“ Among  the  professional  publications  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  war,  we  willingly  give  a prominent  place  to  this  useful  little 
Manual  of  Eules  and  Eegulations  to  be  observed  on  board  of  ships 
^of  war.  Its  authorship  is  a sufficient  guarantee  for  its  accuracy  and 
practical  value ; and  as  a guide  to  young  officers  in  providing  for  the 
discipline,  police,  and  sanitary  government  of  the  vessels  under  their 
command,  we  know  of  nothing  superior.” — N.  Y.  Herald. 

“ Should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  naval  officer,  of  whatever  grade, 
and  will  not  come  amiss  to  any  intelligent  mariner.” — Boston  Trav- 
eller. * 

^ “ A work  which  will  prove  of  great  utility,  in  both  the  naval  ser- 

nnrt  tVio  Tr>ovooy^<-U/\  P.r.7^-W  y. .. ..  e 


NAVAL  LIGHT  AETILLERY. 

Instruction  for  Naval  Light  Artillery,  afloat  and  ashore, 
prepared  and  arranged  for  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy. 
By  Lieut,  W.  H.  Parker,  U.  S.  N.  Second  edition 
revised  by  Lieut.  S.  B.  Luce,  U.  S,  N.,  Assistant  Ir 
structor  of  Gunnery  and  Tactics  at  the  United  State, 
Naval  Academy.  1 vol.  8vo,  cloth,  with  22  plates. 
$1  50. 

“The  service  for  which  this  is  the  text-hook  of  instruction,  is  of 
special  importance  in  the  present  war.  The  use  of  light  boat-pieces 
is  constant  and  important,  and  young  officers  are  frequently  obliged 
to  leave  their  boats,  take  their  pieces  ashore,  and  manoeuvre  them 
as  field  artillery.  Not  unfrequently,  also,  they  are  incorporated, 
when  ashore,  with  troops,  and  must  handle  their  guns  like  the  artil- 
lery soldiers  of  a battery.  ‘The  E.vercise  of  the  Howitzer  Afloat’ 
was  prepared  and  arranged  by  Captain  Dahlgren,  whoso  name  gives 
additional  sanction  and  value  to  the  b(x>k.  A Manual  for  the  Sword  1 
and  Pistol  is  also  given.  The  plates  are  numerous  and  exceedingly 
clear,  and  the  whole  typography  excellent.” — Philadelphia  In-  j 
quiver,  ' ! 


evolutions  op  field  batteries  op 

ARTILLERY. 

Translated  from  the  French,  and  arranged  for  the  Army 
and  Militia  of  the  United  States.  By  Gen.  Robert 
Anderson,  U.  S.  A.  'Published  by  order  of  the  War 
Department.  1 vol.  cloth,  32  plates.  $1. 

■War  Department,  Nov.  2d,  1859. 
The  System  'of  “ Evolutions  of  Field  Batteries,”  tran.slated  from 
the  French,  and  arranged  for  the  service  of  the  United  States,  by 
Major  Robert  Anderson.,  of  the  1st  Regiment  of  Artillery,  having 
been  approved  by  the  President,  is  published  for  the  information 
and  government  of  the  army. 

AH  Evolution.s  of  Field  Batteries  not  embraced  in  this  system, 
are  prohibited,  and  those  herein  prescribed  will  be  strictly  observed. 

J.  B.  FLOYD,  Secretary  of  War, 
“This  system  having  been  adopted  by  the  War  Department,  is 
to  the  artillerist  what  Hardee’s  Tactics  is  to  the  infantry  soldier ; 
the  want  of  a wmrk  like  this  has  been  seriously  felt,  and  will  be 


f 


